Page 948 - Textbook of Pathology, 6th Edition

932 Tophi, 854f meninges, 876 stress, 550
TORCH complex, 190-91 miliary, 162 Ulcerative colitis, versus Crohn’s disease, 566t
Torsion testis, 706 nose, 517 Ultimate carcinogens, 218
Torticollis, 521 open, 155 Ultraviolet light, 34, 221
Toxic granules, in neutrophils, 348 oral cavity, 523 Unicameral, bone cyst, 839-40
Toxic shock, 109, 110-11 primary, 153-55 Union, wounds, 168-69
Toxoplasmosis, 191 pulmonary, 154-56 primary, 168
TP53 gene, 213 secondary, 155-56 secondary, 168-69
Trace elements, 254 sinus tracts in, 153 Urachal abnormalities, 698
Tracheo-oesophageal fistula, 538 spread of, 151-52 Urachal cyst, 698
Trachoma, 508 transmission of, 151 Uraemia, 655-56
Tram-track appearance, 671 Tuberculous meningitis, 876 Uraemic manifestations, 655-56
Transaminases, 595, 898 Tubular necrosis, acute (ATN), 679-80 Urate nephrolithiasis, 692
Transcellular fluid, 93 Tubules, Ureter, normal structure of, 698
Transcobalamin, 253, 303-04 diseases of, 678-80 Ureterocele, 698
Transcoelomic spread, 202-03, 750 structure of, 651-52 Urethra, normal structure of, 698
Transferrin, 295 Tubulointerstitial disease, 680-85 Urethral carcinoma, 702
Transfusion, of blood, 339-40 Tumoral calcinosis, 779 Urethral caruncle, 702
complications of, 339-40 Tumour host interrelationship, 228-32 Urethritis, 699-700
Transient ischaemic attacks (TIA), 879 Tumour markers, 233-34, 709, 720 Uric acid stones, 692
Transitional cell carcinoma, Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), 25-26, 109, Urinary bladder, 698-700
nasopharynx, 518-19 138-39, 146, 230, 381 normal structure of, 698
urinary bladder, 700-02 Tumours (also see under Neoplasia), 192-235 tumours of, 700-702
Translocations, 199, 259, 353, 355, 356f, 358 anaplasia in, 197 Urinary calculi, 690-92
reciprocal, 259 angiogenesis in, 199, 215 Urinary cytology, 273, 276
Robertsonian, 259 benign versus malignant, 194 Urinary tract infection (UTI), 681, 682, 698
Transplant rejection, 65-66 characteristics of, 194-204 Urinary tract, lower, 698-702
Transplantation, 65 classification of, 193t Urine analysis, 652
cardiac, 460 cytomorphology of, 197-99 Urobilinogen, 593
bone marrow, 326, 365, 374 diagnosis of, 232-35 Urolithiasis, 690-92
Transposition of great arteries, 425-26 differentiation in, 197 Uropathy, obstructive, 690-93
Transthyretin, 83 epidemiology of, 205-07 Urothelial tumours, 700-02
Transudate versus exudate, 96t etiology and pathogenesis of, 208-28 Urticaria, 97, 770
Trauma to brain, 882-83 functional changes in, 198 Urticaria pigmentosa, 770
Trephine, 286-87 genetic abnormalities in, 199 Uveal melanoma, 512
Treponema, 161 grading of, 204 Uveitis, 508
Trichoepithelioma, 785 gross features of, 196
Trichomoniasis, 270f growth rate of, 194-96
Trigone, 698 inflammatory reaction in, 199-200 V
Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), 432 invasion of, 200-04
Triple response, 131f metastasis in, 200-04 Vaccines, hepatitis, 614
Trisomy, 258 microscopic features of, 196-200 Vaccinia, 186, 773
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, 456, 494 phenotype of, 196 Vagina, 723-24
Troponins, cardiac, 417, 435 spread of, 200-04 normal structure of, 723
INDEX
Trouisier’s sign, 557 staging of, 205 tumours of, 723-24
Trousseau’s syndrome, 232, 410, 503, 648 stem cells in, 196 Vaginal smear, 268-72, 275
Truncus arteriosus, persistent, 425 stroma of, 199 Vaginitis, 723
Trypanosomiasis, 453, 538, 580 vascular invasion of, 201-02 monilial, 270, 723
Tryptophan, 243 Tunicae, arteries, 390 Valvular deformities, 426, 449-51
Tubercle, 152-53, Turban tumour, 786 Valvulitis, rheumatic, 440-41
evolution of, 152-53, 155, 156 Turbulence, 116, 133 van den Bergh diazo reaction, 593
hard and soft, 153 Turcot’s syndrome, 586 Vanillyl mandellic acid (VMA), 800
Tubercle bacillus, 149 Turk cell, 349 Varicella-zoster infection, 186, 773
Tuberculin test, 152 Turner’s syndrome, 258 Varices, 539-40, 631-32
Tuberculoma, brain, 877 Typhoid fever, 571-72 Varicocele, 706
Tuberculosis, 149-57 Typhoid ulcers, 572f Varicosities, 409
brain, 877 Tyrosinase, 40 Variola, 186, 773
caseous necrosis in, 45, 153, 155, 156 Vasa recta, 650
caseous pneumonia in, 156 Vasa vasora, 390
causative organism in, 149 U Vascular purpuras, 331
cavitary, 155-56 Vascular permeability, 130-33
clinical features of, 156-57 Ubiquitin, 26 alterations of, 131
dystrophic calcification in, 52f UICC staging, 205 mechanisms of, 131-33
fibrocaseous, 155-56 Ulcer, Vascular tumours, 411-16
hypersensitivity and immunity in, 152 amoebic, 187-88 Vasculitis, 400-05
incidence of, 151 aphthous, 522-23 allergic, 402-03
intestinal, 569-71 Curling’s, 113, 550 hypersensitvity, 402-03, 404
kidney, 156, 684 Cushing’s, 550 leucocytoclastic, 403f
liver, 162, 615-16 peptic, 549-54 lymphocytic, 403
lymph node, 45, 154f rodent, 784-85 Vasoactive amines, 136-37