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Modals are also used for different communicative functions.
They are used for requesting, for seeking permission, for invit-
ing, for advising, etc. The following is a list of functions and the
corresponding modals.
Not to be republished
Requesting Can you please carry this bag?
Will you open the book at page 23
please ?
Asking for permission May I go out now?
©KTBS
Can I sit here?
Advising You should consult the doctor
immediately.
Inviting Shall we have a cup of coffee?
Would you like to join us?

Please note that we have not listed all the modals here. Only
a few have been discussed in this lesson; other modals will be
discussed in other lessons and also next year.

Let us Write

 Write down a few things that you know about Dr Abdul
Kalam.

 Discuss these points with your friends in small groups.

 Write a short biography/profile of Dr Abdul Kalam in
your group.

 Present the biography to the whole class and seek
comments/suggestions from others/your teacher.

 Read the points given below, add them to the biography
you have written and prepare a fair copy.

Abdul Kalam – born 15 October 1931 – one of India’s
most distinguished scientists – guided a number of technology
projects and missions –popularly known as ‘Missile Man of India’
developed India’s first satellite launch vehicle, the SLV-3 – held

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