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Graphic Communications Terms Glossary
File Allocation Table (FAT) Four-color Process
A hidden record of how files are stored in clusters on a hard or floppy Use of cyan, magenta, yellow and black to create a full color image.
disk. Frequency
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) The lines per inch (lpi) in a halftone screen.
The tool used to retrieve information in the form of electronic FTP
files from any number of computer systems linked via the TCP/ File Transfer Protocol is the language computers speak to transfer files
IP protocol. Users in effect transfer copies of information found between systems over the Internet.
on remote computers either directly to their own computers or to a Fulfillment
service provider’s network and then to their own computers. The storing of a customer’s materials until that customer requests
Firewall delivery to itself or to a third party. Also, the fulfilling by a vendor of
The layer of security that protects internal computer networks from a request received from a customer by phone, by mail or by electronic
outside intrusions, particularly from the Internet. means. Also known as “pick and pack.”
Filler Fuzz
Inorganic materials like clay, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, and Fibers projecting from the surface of a sheet of paper.
other white pigments added to the papermaking finish to improve
opacity, brightness, and the overall printing surface. G
Fill-up
Occurs when ink fills the area between the halftone dots or plugs of Gapless Press
the type. A web press with special blanket cylinders that, with each rotation,
Fine Paper allow more printing per square inch. This larger print space plus a
Paper made specifically for writing or commercial printing, as opposed shorter cutoff point can save a significant amount of paper on large
to coarse paper and industrial paper. runs.
Fingerprint Gather
To test a printing press to determine its exact printing characteristics, To assemble folded signatures in proper sequence.
such as its dot gain, ink density and trapping, for the purpose of Gear Streaks
customizing color separations for those printing conditions. Parallel streaks appearing across the printed sheet at the same interval
Finish as the gear teeth on the cylinder.
General term for trimming, folding, binding and all other postpress Ghosting
operations. Also refers to the surface characteristics of paper. Phenomenon on a faint image on a printed sheet where it was not
Flat Colors intended to appear.
Colors and tints that are not formulated from standard process colors. GIF
Also, color that seems weak or lifeless. The Graphic Interchange Format is a compression format for images.
Flexography Pictures and graphics you see on Web pages are usually in GIF format
A printing process that uses a raised surface of flexible rubber or because the files are small and download quickly.
photopolymer printing plate mounted on a rotary drum and thin, fast- Gigabit (Gb)
dry-ing inks to print on almost any roll stock. One billion bits.
Foil Stamp Gigabyte (GB)
To press a heated die onto a sheet of foil, releasing the foil from its One thousand megabytes or one billion bytes.
backing and adhering it to a substrate. Gradation
Font The relationship of the tonal values of an image to its intermediate
A complete set of type characters in one type-face and type size. films and reproduction as well as magnetic or optical representation.
Format It may also refer to the tonal values within the picture.
(1) The sequential organization of data in terms of its components. Grain
Also: A specific arrange-ment of data . (2)a. The shape, size, style, and The direction in which most fibers are aligned.
general makeup of a particular record. (2)b. In electronic records, the Grammage
arrangement of data for computer input or output, such as the number The metric basis weight of paper. Weight is expressed in grams per
and size of data fields in a logical record or the spacing and letter size square meter.
used in a document. Also called layout. (2)c. In micro form records, Graphic Communications
the placement of microimages within a given microform (image Allied industries Including printing, publishing, advertising and
arrangement) or the arrangement of images in relation to the edges of design, that participate in the production and dissemination of text
the film (image orientation). and images by printed or electronic means.
Form Gravure
Each side of a signature. The process of printing from cylinders that contain cells that hold
Form Roller the ink for transfer to the substrate. In gravure color printing, each
A roller which comes in contact with the printing plate, bringing it succeeding color is printed on a dry color, rather than one still wet as
water or ink. in letterpress and offset lithography.
Fountain Solution Gray Balance
A mixture of water and chemicals that dampens a printing plate to The proper amount of cyan, magenta and yellow printing to produce a
prevent ink from adhering to the non-image areas. gray scale with no apparent dominant hue.
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