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Pancreas ··· 246
Bile ··· 248
Excretory Liver Function—Bilirubin ··· 250
Lipid Digestion ··· 252
Lipid Distribution and Storage ··· 254
Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates and Protein ··· 258
Vitamin Absorption ··· 260
Water and Mineral Absorption ··· 262
Large Intestine, Defecation, Feces ··· 264

Hormones and Reproduction 266
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Integrative Systems of the Body ··· 266
Hormones ··· 268
Humoral Signals: Control and Effects ··· 272
Cellular Transmission of Signals from Extracellular Messengers ··· 274
Hypothalamic–Pituitary System ··· 280
Carbohydrate Metabolism and Pancreatic Hormones ··· 282
Thyroid Hormones ··· 286
Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism ··· 290
Biosynthesis of Steroid Hormones ··· 294
Adrenal Cortex and Glucocorticoid Synthesis ··· 296
Oogenesis and the Menstrual Cycle ··· 298
Hormonal Control of the Menstrual Cycle ··· 300
Estrogens ··· 302
Progesterone ··· 302
Prolactin and Oxytocin ··· 303
Hormonal Control of Pregnancy and Birth ··· 304
Androgens and Testicular Function ··· 306
Sexual Response, Intercourse and Fertilization ··· 308

Central Nervous System and Senses 310
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Central Nervous System ··· 310
Cerebrospinal Fluid ··· 310
Stimulus Reception and Processing ··· 312
Sensory Functions of the Skin ··· 314
Proprioception, Stretch Reflex ··· 316
Nociception and Pain ··· 318
Polysynaptic Reflexes ··· 320
Synaptic Inhibition ··· 320
Central Conduction of Sensory Input ··· 322
Motor System ··· 324
Hypothalamus, Limbic System ··· 330
Cerebral Cortex, Electroencephalogram (EEG) ··· 332
Sleep–Wake Cycle, Circadian Rhythms ··· 334
Consciousness, Memory, Language ··· 336
Glia ··· 338
Sense of Taste ··· 338
XII Sense of Smell ··· 340

Despopoulos, Color Atlas of Physiology © 2003 Thieme
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