Page 377 - Encyclopedia of Nursing Research

344 n NuRSING PRACTICe MODeLS

a voice in decision making through a com- Watson’s caring theory because it reflects the
mittee structure and open forums. The goal disciplinary perspective of meaning mak-
N of the model is to work toward increased ing and caring (Watson, 2008a). Research is
recognition of all providers and as a result ongoing, but some work is emerging that
improve work satisfaction and enjoyment suggests both nurses and patients are satis-
with the practice environment and patient fied with care delivered from this perspec-
care outcomes. Collaborative nursing prac- tive (Flanagan, 2009). Continued inquiry is
tice models have been successful in direct- necessary to understand how nursing-the-
ing resource utilization and staffing (Ives ory-driven care, or in some settings knowl-
erickson, Hamilton, Jones, & Ditomassi, edge-based practice, impacts other outcomes
2003) and in enhancing staff participation in including patient safety, satisfaction, and
organizational decision making. feelings of being known as a person by the
Theory-based practice models incorpo- providers of care.
rate nursing and theoretical perspectives in Transitional models of care reflect both
and outside the discipline to guide practice. nursing theory such as transitions (Meleis,
Some models have been implemented using 2010) and administrative models aimed at
midrange theories (e.g., symptom manage- reducing cost and improving patient out-
ment, pain, and stress) to direct practice. comes. Models with advanced practice
Community-based practices have focused on nurses providing care throughout the transi-
public health models aimed at health promo- tion from acute to home care enable patients
tion and protection, disease prevention, and to move rapidly from the acute care settings
risk reduction. The goal of these models is to to a less costly care site at home (Naylor et al.,
decrease mortality rates and the myriad of 2004, 2009).
health problems that follow including obe- use of various models to guide nursing
sity, smoking cessation, drug prevention, and practice helps to foster the philosophy, val-
immunizations. ues, and beliefs of an organization. A nurs-
As the largest influence on nursing- ing practice model can serve as a structure
theory-based care and professional practice for the planning and direction of nursing
modes, shared/collaborative models have and health care and help guide resource dis-
been the clinical settings’ desire to achieve tribution. Strategic planning is improved as
American Nurses Credentialing Center participation from all providers in organiza-
Magnet designation. Magnet accreditation tional decisions can occur when nurses have
is a testament to high-quality nursing care. a shared vision about health care. Through
To be recognized as being Magnet certified, the use of nursing practice models, practi-
nurses in practice settings must embrace tioners from beginner to expert can be rec-
a theoretical framework, practice within a ognized for unique contributions to care
PPM, participate in organizational decision and for their educational and clinical exper-
making and research, advance professional tise (Benner, 1984). Organizing care around
practice, provide the evidence to demonstrate a nursing practice model also can create a
high satisfaction with the professional prac- strong patient–family centric care environ-
tice environment, and describe strategies put ment, where providers can come to know
in place by an organization that demonstrate the patient and use nursing knowledge to
a structure for continuous quality improve- improve care outcomes. A PPM can help
ment through innovation and development. to expand nursing’s leadership for patient
This goal has resulted in many nurses exam- care and foster those behaviors associated
ining and discussing nursing theories and with patient, family, and community health.
their use in practice. To this end, many nurses Through practice models, new strategies and
in many practice settings have embraced nursing interventions can be generated and