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time scalar transplant 747–749, 789 TSANZ see Transplantation Society of Australia
vs flow 399, 400f heart see heart transplantation and New Zealand
vs pressure 398–399, 399f liver see liver transplantation TST see total sleep time
vs volume 399, 400f lung see lung transplantation 12-lead echocardiogram (ECG) 192–195
TIMI see Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Transplant Nurses Association (TNA) 789 chest lead position 193, 193f
flow grades Transplantation Society of Australia and New Einthoven triangle 192–193, 192f
timing, IABP and Zealand (TSANZ) 789 graph paper 193–194, 193f
assessment 306 transport of critically ill patients 123–125 heart rate calculation using 195
conventional 304 assessment before 123, 124b interpretation of 195
errors 306 equipment for 124, 124t key components of 194–195
real 304, 305b intrahospital 124 MI and 218
TIPS see transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic monitoring during 125, 125t evolution pattern 218, 219f–220f
stent/shunt nursing care during 124–125 normal 194f
TISS see therapeutic intervention scoring system transpulmonary gradient (TPG) 789 two-dimensional ECHO 206
tissue 788 transthoracic bioimpedance 205–206
assessment see skin and tissue assessment transthoracic ECHO 206
donation trauma U
identification of 749–755 to abdomen see abdominal trauma U wave 194–195, 194f
legislation 747, 748t amputations 633 ulcer, pressure 787
typing and cross-matching 755–756 cardiac 636 ultrafiltration 492, 789
factor pathway 564f to chest 635–639 ultrasonic cardiac output monitor 205
hypoxia 334 in children 702 ultrasound
typing 788 clinical manifestations of 637t Doppler 204–205, 205f
tissue-only donors 758, 788 drainage assessment 639t methods 204–205, 205f
tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) 221 children and 700–702 transcranial, for nervous system
TNA see Transplant Nurses Association clinical presentations 626–649 assessment 439
toddlers generic nursing practice 626–629 for fetal assessment 732
developmental considerations in 684 injury mechanism 626 for ICU-AW 58
see also children mobilisation 626–627, 628t respiratory system and 345–346
TOE see transoesophageal ECHO positioning 626–627, 628t SCA and 666–669
Torres Strait Islander people, working with trauma triad see trauma triad TCD, for nervous system assessment 439
168–170 in pregnancy see trauma unconsciousness 789
total body surface area (TBSA) assessment skeletal see skeletal trauma research involving 95
646 systems and process 623–626 unethical 785
total parenteral nutrition (TPN) 513 prehospital care 624 Uniform Determination of Death Act, US 88
components of 513, 513t radiological investigations 625–626 unstable angina 216
elements in 513, 513t reception 624–626 upper airway obstruction, in children 686–691
metabolic complications of 513, 514t surveys 625 congenital abnormalities 687
total sleep time (TST) 145–146 teams 626, 626t croup 689–690, 690t
toxin see overdose; poisoning transport of critically ill 624 description of 686–687
tPD see technical practice development trauma triad 627–629 diagnostics for 687
TPG see transpulmonary gradient coagulopathy 628–629 epiglottitis 690, 690t
tracheal aspirates 344 damage-control surgery 629 foreign body aspiration 690–691
tracheal suction 387 hypothermia 628 intubation for 687–688, 688f, 689t
adverse effects of 387 traumatic brain injury (TBI) 455–457 management of 687–688
methods of 387 aetiology of 455 manifestations of 686–687
closed 387 diffuse axonal injury 456–457, 457f monitoring of 687
open 387 focal injury 456 upper respiratory tract, anatomy of 325–326,
semi-closed 387 mild 457 327f
tracheobronchial injuries 636 nurse management 457 urinary catheterisation
tracheostomy 386–387 pathophysiology of 455–457, 456f, 464t assessment of 116
care of 387 skull fractures 457 bladder washout solutions 117t
complications of 387 treatment options, approaches to assessing 19t care of 116–117
procedure 386–387 Treaty of Waitangi 166 essential 117
using percutaneous dilatational triage 582–585 maintenance of 117
technique 386 assessment 583–585 urinary drainage system 480, 480f
using surgical technique 386 aids to 585t urine analysis, normal values 781t
suctioning of 387 approaches to 584–585 urine production 481–482, 481f
training, education and 27–28 of mental health presentations 585, uterine involution, in postpartum patient
TRALI see transfusion-related acute lung injury 585t 735–736
tramadol hydrochloride 145t of paediatric presentations 585 utero-placental gas exchange 716
transactional leaders, characteristics of 9–10 patient history/interview 583 utilitarian view 18, 789
transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound, for physical examination 583–584
nervous system assessment 439 primary survey 583
transcutaneous pacing see external pacing secondary survey 583–584 V
transducer system, in haemodynamic case study 616b–617b vaccinations, influenza 362
monitoring 196 categories 583 VADs see ventricular assist devices
transformational leadership 9–10, 788 codes 582t valves
transfusion-related acute lung injury disaster 588–589 prosthetic 294, 295f
(TRALI) 363 history of 582 repair and replacement of 294, 295f
transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic multiple patient 588–589 see also specific valves
stent/shunt (TIPS), for liver process of 582–583 valvular disease 291–293, 292f
dysfunction 520–521 processes development 582 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) 121
Transmission-based Precautions 118–119, 119t triggered activity 252 Vancouver Interactive and Calmness Scale
transoesophageal (TOE) ECHO 206 trypsin 789 (VICS) 139, 140f, 141t