Page 1444 - Hall et al (2015) Principles of Critical Care-McGraw-Hill
P. 1444

Chapter 100Acid-Base Balance





                     REFERENCES

                       1. Stewart PA. How to Understand Acid-Base: A Quantitative Acid-  Arieff AI, DeFronzo RA, eds.  Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base
                        Base Primer for Biology and Medicine. New York: Elsevier; 1981.  Disorders. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1985:269.
                       2. Laffey JG, Kavanagh BP. Carbon dioxide and the critically ill:     17. Mizock BA, Falk JL. Lactic acidosis in critical illness. Crit Care
                        too little of a good thing? Lancet. 1999;354:1283.      Med. 1992;20:80.
                       3. Forsythe SM, Schmidt GA. Sodium bicarbonate for the treat-    18. Weil MH, Afifi AA. Experimental and clinical studies on lactate
                        ment of lactic acidosis. Chest. 2000;117:260.           and pyruvate as indicators of the severity of acute circulatory
                       4. Laffey JG, Engelberts D, Kavanagh BP. Injurious effects of hypo-  failure (shock). Circulation. 1970;41:989.
                        capnic alkalosis in the isolated lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.     19. Blair E. Acid-base balance in bacteremic shock.  Arch  Intern
                        2000;162:399.                                           Med. 1971;127:731.
                       5. Pedoto A, Caruso JE, Nandi J. Acidosis stimulates nitric oxide     20. Madias NE. Lactic acidosis. Kidney Int. 1986;29:752.
                        production and lung damage in rats. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.     21. Bellomo  R, Kellum  JA, Pinsky MR. Visceral  lactate fluxes
                        1999;159:397.                                           during early endotoxemia in the dog. Chest. 1996;110:198.
                       6. Pedoto A, Nandi J, Oler A, et al. Role of nitric oxide in acidosis-    22. Van Lambalgen AA, Runge HC, van den Bos GC, Thijs LG.
                        induced intestinal injury in anesthetized rats. J Lab Clin Med.   Reginal lactate production in early canine endotoxin shock. Am
                        2001;138:270.                                           J Physiol. 1988;254:E45.
                       7. Kellum JA. Fluid resuscitation and hyperchloremic acidosis in     23. Cain SM, Curtis SE. Systemic and regional oxygen uptake and
                        experimental sepsis: improved survival and acid-base balance   delivery and lactate flux in endotoxic dogs infused with dopex-
                        with a synthetic colloid in a balanced electrolyte solution com-  amine. Crit Care Med. 1991;19:1552.
                        pared to saline. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:300.
                                                                             24. Brown S, Gutierrez G, Clark C, et al. The lung as a source of
                       8. Kellum JA, Song M, Venkataraman R. Effects of hyperchloremic   lactate in sepsis and ARDS. J Crit Care. 1996;11:2.
                        acidosis on arterial pressure and circulating inflammatory mol-    25. Kellum JA, Kramer DJ, Lee KH, et al. Release of lactate by the
                        ecules in experimental sepsis. Chest. 2004;125:243.
                                                                                lung in acute lung injury. Chest. 1997;1111:1301.
                       9. Kellum JA, Bellomo R, Kramer DJ, Pinsky MR. Splanchnic buff-    26. De Backer D, Creteur J, Zhang H, et al. Lactate production
                        ering of metabolic acid during early endotoxemia. J Crit Care.   by  the  lungs  in  acute  lung  injury.  Am J Resp  Crit Care Med.
                        1997;12:7.
                                                                                1997;156:1099.
                      10. Kellum JA. Determinants of blood pH in health and disease.     27. Stacpoole PW. Lactic acidosis and other mitochondrial disorders.
                        Crit Care. 2000;4:6.
                                                                                Metab Clin Exp. 1997;46:306.
                      11. Bourke E, Haussinger D. pH homeostasis: the conceptual     28. Fink MP. Does tissue acidosis in spesis indicate tissue hypoper-
                        change. In: Berlin GM, ed. The Kidney Today: Selected Topics in   fusion? Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:1144.
                        Renal Science. Basel, Switzerland: Karger; 1992:58.
                                                                             29. Guitierrez G, Wolf ME. Lactic acidosis in sepsis: a commentary.
                      12. Oliver J, Bourke E. Adaptations in urea and ammonium excre-  Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:6.
                        tion in metabolic acidosis in the rat: a reinterpretation. Clin Sci
                        Mol Med. 1975;48:515.                                30. Kilpatrick-Smith L, Dean J, Erecinska M, Silver IA. Cellular
                                                                                effects of endotoxin in vitro: II. Reversibility of endotoxic damage.
                      13. Figge J, Jabor A, Kazda A, Fencl V. Anion gap and hypoalbu-  Circ Shock. 1983;11:101.
                        minemia. Crit Care Med. 1998;26:1807.
                                                                             31. Bearn AG, Billing B, Sherlock S. The effect of adrenaline and
                      14. Singer RB, Hastings AB. An improved clinical method for the   noradrenaline on hepatic blood flow and splanchnic carbohy-
                        estimation of disturbances of the acid-base balance of human   drate metabolism in man. J Physiol. 1951;115:430.
                        blood. Medicine. 1948;27:223.
                                                                             32. Levy B, Bollaert P-E, Charpentier C, et al. Comparison of
                      15. Narins RG, Emmett M. Simple and mixed acid-base disorders:   norepinephrine and dobutamine to epinephrine for hemody-
                        a practical approach. Medicine. 1980;59:161.            namics, lactate metabolism, and gastric tonometric variables in
                      16. Narins RG, Jones ER, Townsend R, et al. Metabolic acid-base   septic shock: a prospective, randomized study.  Intensive Care
                        disorders: pathophysiology, classification and treatment. In:   Med. 1997;23:282.








            Section08-O-Ref.indd   1                                                                                   12/10/2014   6:08:11 PM
   1439   1440   1441   1442   1443   1444   1445   1446   1447   1448   1449