Page 5 - Focus SPM 2022 - Additional Mathematics

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 1 Functions

1.1 Functions

1. There are four different types of relations.

y
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6
5
4
One-to-one 3 Each input value has
2 one output value.
1
x
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
Form 4
–2

y
7
6
5
Many-to-one 4 Several input values
3 share one output
2 value.
1
x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
Types of relations –1

y
4
One-to-many 2 An input value may
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 x have two or more
–2 output values.
–4

y
4
3
2
1 For two or more
Many-to-many –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x input values, there
–1 are two or more
–2
–3 output values.
–4

2. Out of the four relations above, only two can be considered as functions:
• One-to-one relation.
• Many-to-one relation.

2