Page 186 - Health, Population and Environment Education 9

5. According to WHO, “Air pollution is limited to situation in which the outer ambient
atmosphere contains materials in concentrations, which are harmful to human
beings and their environment.”
6. Water pollution is undesirable change in the physical, chemical and biological
characteristics of water due to addition of unwanted substances that adversely
affect the survival of living beings in water.
7. The undesirable change in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of land
due to addition of unwanted substances that adversely affect the survival of living
beings on land is called land pollution.

8. The unwanted sound produced in large intensity that adversely affects the physical
and mental condition of people is called sound pollution.

9. Management of solid wastes means adoption of various activities that include
collection, transfer, treatment, burial, burning and disposal in a systematic way.
10. The materials that are left after consumption and utilization and are in the solid
form are called as solid wastes. For example, plastics, waste, paper, metals, glasses,
rubber, food stuff, fruit skin, animal parts, vegetables parts, etc.
11. Those solid wastes which can be converted into compost or manure are called as
biodegradable wastes.
12. Those solid wastes which cannot be converted into compost or manure are called as
non-biodegradable wastes.

13. Those solid wastes which can neither be converted into compost nor be reused or
recycled are called landfill wastes/disposable wastes.

14. The wastes like waste paper, plastics, rubber, glasses, metals, broken utensils,
damaged earthen items, food stuff, vegetable parts, animal parts, etc. should be
classified into biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes.
15. Using the same substance time and again is regarded as reuse of resources.
16. The process of converting old substances into new ones is called recycling.

17. The method of preparation of compost by bacteria in presence of air is called aerobic
method.
18. The method of preparation of compost by bacteria in the absence of air is called
anaerobic method.
19. The process of converting compost by earthworms is called vermi compost method.

20. Drainage is a system of carrying away waste water or other liquid wastes through
a pipe or channel.
21. Simple pit latrine is the simplest form of latrine in which a pit is made according to
the size and need of the family.

186 GREEN Environment Population and Health Education Book-9