Page 72 - Grammar- 10

That is:
Direct speech Indirect speech
Present (v /vs) go, goes past ( v ) went
1
2
is, am , are + ing was/ were +ing
is/are/am reading was/were/ reading
have/has + v 3 had + v 3
has/have written had written
has/have been +ing had been + ing
has/have been asking had been asking
past( v ) found past perfect ( had + v ) had found
3
2
was/were +ing had been + ing
was/were running had been running
will,can, may,etc. would, could, might ,etc
will/can/may run would/could/might run

Remember, We change the tense as above only when the reporting verb is in the
past tense.
Do not change the tense if the thing said is still the same. (truth)

Person change, The third person (he, she, they, her, etc.) remain unchanged. The other
persons are changed considering who the speaker or listener is.
e.g. Direct: Mohan said to me, “I’ll give you my pen.”

Reported, Mohan told me that he (I Mohan, who is ‘he’ for the reporter) would give
me (you me, the reporter) his (my Mohan’s that is ‘his’ for the reporter)pen.

Adverbials Change, While changing adverbials, we have to give an impression that the
event happened far away in time and place.

Direct Indirect
now then
today that day
tomorrow the following day the day before
yesterday the previous day
last night/ month the previous night/month
next morning/month the following morning/month
here there

Sanjiwani English Grammar & Composition Book 10 68