Page 57 - Grammar- 9

Look at the following table.
Direct speech Indirect speech
Present (v /vs) go, goes past ( v ) went
1
2
Is, am , are + ing was/ were +ing
Is/are/am reading was/were/ reading
Have/has + v 3 had + v 3
Has/have written had written
Has/have been +ing had been + ing
Has/have been asking had been asking
Past( v ) found past perfect ( had + v ) had found
2
3
Was/were +ing had been + ing
Was/were running had been running
Will,can, may,etc. would, could, might ,etc
Will/can/may/shall run would/could/might/should run

Remember: Tense is changed only when the reporting verb is in the past tense.

→ The third person (he, she, they, her, etc) remain unchanged. The other persons are
changed considering who the speaker or listener is.

→ While changing adverbials, follow the table below.
Direct Indirect

now then
today that day
tomorrow the following day
yesterday the day before
last night/ month the previous night/month
next morning/month the following morning/month
here/hence there/thence

While reporting commands Remember:
→ use told, ordered, advised, asked + object
→ use ‘to’, to introduce the positive command and ‘not to’ to introduce negative
commands.
You can use forbade instead of told for negative commands. In such case use only
‘to’, to introduce the given command.

57 Sanjiwani English Grammar & Composition Book 9