Page 53 - Participant Manual

your arms straight, push down at least 2 inches, and then let the THE PROS KNOW.
chest completely return to its normal position. Push hard and _______
push fast! You want to go at a rate of 100–120 compressions
per minute. As you give compressions, count out loud up to Counting out loud as you give
30. Maintain a smooth, steady down-and-up rhythm and do not compressions can help you to
pause between compressions. keep a steady, even rhythm. For
compressions 1 through 12, say
■ Give a set of 2 rescue breaths. Once you have given 30 “one and two and three and four and
compressions, give 2 rescue breaths. First, open the airway five and six and…” up to 12. When
using the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver. Place one of your you get to 13, just say the number:
hands on the person’s forehead and two fingers of your other “thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen…”
hand on the bony part of the person’s chin. Tilt the person’s head up to 30. Push down as you say the
back and lift the chin. For an adult, tilt the head to a past-neutral number and come up as you say
position (see Table 3-1). If possible, use a CPR breathing barrier “and” (or the second syllable of the
when you are giving rescue breaths, but do not delay rescue number). This will help you to keep a
breaths to find a breathing barrier or learn how to use it. Pinch steady, even rhythm.
the person’s nose shut. Take a normal breath, make a complete
seal over the person’s mouth with your mouth, and blow into
the person’s mouth to give the first rescue breath. Take another
breath, make a seal, and give the second rescue breath. Each THE PROS KNOW.
rescue breath should last about 1 second and make the person’s _______
chest rise. After you finish giving 2 rescue breaths, return to Incorrect technique or body position
giving compressions as quickly as possible. The process of can cause your arms and shoulders
giving 2 rescue breaths and getting back to compressions to tire quickly when you are giving
should take less than 10 seconds. Never give more than 2 compressions. Use the weight of
rescue breaths per set. Table 3-2 describes how to troubleshoot your upper body to compress the
special situations when giving rescue breaths.
chest, not your arm muscles. Avoid
rocking back and forth, because
rocking makes your compressions
less effective and wastes your
energy. Also avoid leaning on the
chest, because leaning prevents the
chest from returning to its normal
position after each compression,
limiting the amount of blood that can
return to the heart.

THE PROS KNOW.
_______

© 2011, 2016 The American National Red Cross. All rights reserved.
When giving rescue breaths, keep
the person’s head tilted back and
avoid taking too large of a breath or
blowing too forcefully. Failing to keep
Once you begin CPR, continue giving sets of 30 chest the person’s head tilted back, taking
compressions and 2 rescue breaths until: too large of a breath, or blowing
too forcefully can force air into the
■ You notice an obvious sign of life, such as movement. (If the person’s stomach instead of into
person shows an obvious sign of life, stop CPR, place the his or her lungs, which can make
person in the recovery position and continue to monitor the the person vomit and cause other
person’s condition until EMS personnel take over.) complications. Remember: Keep
the head tilted back, take a normal
■ An AED is ready to use and no other trained responders are
available to assist you with the AED. breath and blow just enough to make
the chest rise.

Chapter 3 Cardiac Emergencies | 44 | First Aid/CPR/AED Participant’s Manual Chapter 3 Cardiac Emergencies | 45 | First Aid/CPR/AED Participant’s Manual