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370                         INDEX


                                     examples of deliberate corruption of,  synonym theory, 162-3
                                       256-61                        theories on divergent readings, 155-9
                                     gross overestimates of number of  theories on Qur'an, 53
                                       Israelites, 216               theory of counterfeited Bible, 307-8
                                     history according to modern scholars,  use of aberrant narrations, 159-62
                                       230-2                         use of Biblical terminology in Islamic
                                     history of, 227-32                studies, 208, 305-6
                                     Jewish sources of the Torah, 235  Origen, 289
                                     lack of authoritative text, 245  original sin, 297
                                     Leningrad Codex, 238-40       orthography
                                     loss and rediscovery of Torah, 228-30  divergence, 204-5
                                     Masoretic texts, 238-40         of European languages, 129-30
                                     non-jewish sources of the Torah,  history of the Arabic characters, 115-8
                                        235-6                        in non-Qur'anic script, 145-8
                                     oral transmission of, xvi       writing styles at the time of the
                                     original language of, 232-4       Prophet, 130-1
                                     references to Prophet Muhammad,
                                        262
                                     search for an authoritative text, 240-7  paid copyists, 106
                                     study of, compared with study of  palaeography, 115, 135-9
                                       Qur'an, 161                   in non-Qur'anic script, 145-8
                                     unintentional corruption, 243-5  See also orthography
                                     variations, 241-2             paleo-Hebrew, 232
                                     See also Judaism; Bible       Palestine
                                   Onias III, 225                    spread of Qur'an to, 85
                                   oral law of Judaism, 236-8        suppression of history, 325-6
                                   oral transmission of Qur'an, xv-xvi,  Palestinian Talmud, 250
                                     94-95,148                     palimpset, 312
                                   Orientalism                     pan names, 165
                                     accusations of appropriation from  partial Mushafs, 73-76
                                       Jewish sources, 306-7       Pentateuch, 231, 242-3
                                     acknowledgement of integrity of the  Peres, Shimon, 334
                                        Qur'anic text, 206         persecution of early Christians, 276
                                     bias, 327-31                  Persians, 36, 231
                                     Blachere's distortion of Qur'an,  personal Mushafs, 195
                                        309-10                     Peter the disciple, 270-1
                                     criticism of compilation of Qur'an,  Peter the Venerable, 8, 330
                                        304-5                      Pharaoh, 215
                                     disregard for Muslim scholarship, 164  Pharisees, 241
                                     Flugel's deliberate distortions of  Pharos, 16
                                        Qur'an, 308-9              Philistines, Ark lost to, 229
                                     Hurgronje, Snouck, 326-7      Phoenician alphabet, 115
                                     Israel as motivation of, 336-8  plagues of Egypt, 215
                                     Jewish analogue, 321-5        pledge of 'Aqaba, 29-30
                                     motives for study, 331-8      pointing, 247-9
                                     necessity of proving distortions in  politicised Islam, 318
                                        Qur'an, 303                polytheists, effects of the Qur'an on,
                                     San 'a' fragments, 314-8        48-50
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