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BAB IV
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

A. Penggunaan
Present perfect tense digunakan untuk: (a) menyatakan

aktifitas yang telah terjadi di masa lampau dan tidak jelas
keterangan waktunya, (b) menyatakan aktifitas yang telah
dikerjakan secara berulang-ulang.
Sehubungan jenis tenses ini tidak memiliki keterangan waktu
yang spesifik, maka jenis tenses ini biasanya menggunakan kata for

(selama) dan since (sejak).

B. Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat
Verbal Non-verbal
(+) S + Have/Has + V 3 + O (+) S + have/has + been + C
E.g: We have begun the program. E.g: We have been tired.
(-) S + Have/Has + not + V 3 + O (-) S + have/has + not + been + C
E.g: We have not begun the program. E.g: We have not been tired.

(?) Have/Has + S + V 3 + O? (?) have/has + S + been + C?
E.g: have we begun the program? E.g: have we been tired?
(?S+) QW.S + Have/Has + V 3 + O? (?S+) Qw.S + have/has + been + C?
E.g: Who has begun the program? E.g: Who has been tired?
(?S-) QW.S + Have/Has + not + V 3 + O? (?S-) Qw.S+ have/has + not + been + C?

E.g: Who has not begun the program? E.g: Who has not been tired?
(?O) QW.O + Have/Has + S + V 3 ?
E.g: What have we begun?

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