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CLAT 2021 21 Year Experienced Team

required infrastructure and develop capacity of Mongolian workers to facilitate the project. India is
looking forward to Mongolian companies for supplying coking coal to the Indian steel industry.
Significance of India-Mongolia relations:
f Strategic angle: It is said that Mongolia is to China what Nepal is to India. Northern neighbor trying to
break free of perceived big brother south of it. Presently, when China is making inroads to Nepal, New
Delhi can utilize Mongolia for containing China's aggressive stance.
f Mineral resource: Mongolia has vast untapped mineral resources including uranium, copper, coal,
molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold

Russia Pulls Out of Open Skies Treaty

Russia announced of pulling out of the Open Skies treaty citing the reason that the pact had been seriously
compromised by the withdrawal of the United States.
About:
f In May 2020, the US administration announced its intention of withdrawing from the OST, accusing
Russia of “flagrantly and continuously violating the Treaty in various ways for years” Earlier, several
times Russia refused to allow reconnaissance flights over Kaliningrad, its exclave in Eastern Europe that
sits between NATO allies Lithuania and Poland.
f In November 2020, the United States left the OST first after accusing Russia of violating the pact–
allegations that Russia denied.

f After the US left the OST, Russia sought assurances from NATO allies who continued to remain on the
treaty that they would not transfer data collected by their reconnaissance flights over Russia to the USA.
Russia alleged that this request was not acknowledged by the NATO members.

f Now Russia has announced it would also pull out of the treaty.
Open Skies Treaty:
f Open Skies Treaty (OST) is an agreement that allows countries to monitor signatories' arms development
by conducting unarmed reconnaissance surveillance flights over the territory of treaty countries. Under
the treaty, a member state can “spy” on any part of the host nation, with the latter's consent. A country
can undertake aerial imaging over the host state after giving notice 72 hours before, and sharing its exact
flight path 24 hours before. The information gathered by any party, such as on troop movements,
military exercises and missile deployments, has to be shared with all member state.

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