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Spectroscopic Atlas for Amateur Astronomers 197
34 Required Ionisation Energies for the Individual Elements
This table shows the required energies [eV], which are needed for the ionisation of a cer-
tain element, starting from the ground state ÝŠ = 1. Source: [201].
Z Ele- Required excitation energy [eV] to reach the following ionisation stages
ment ll lll lV V Vl Vll Vlll lX
1H 13.6
2 He 24.6 54.4
3 Li 5.4 75.6 122.5
4 Be 9.3 18.2 153.9 217.7
5 B 8.3 25.2 37.9 259.4 340.2
6C 11.3 24.4 47.9 64.5 392.1 490.0
7N 14.5 29.6 47.5 77.5 97.9 552.0 667.0
8 O 13.6 35.1 54.9 77.4 113.9 138.1 739.3 871.4
9F 17.4 35.0 62.7 87.1 114.2 157.2 185.2 953.9
10 Ne 21.6 41.0 63.5 97.1 126.2 157.9 207.3 239.1
11 Na 5.1 47.3 71.6 98.9 138.4 172.2 208.5 264.2
12 Mg 7.6 15.0 80.1 109.2 141.3 186.5 224.9 265.9
13 Al 6.0 18.8 28.4 120.0 153.7 190.5 241.4 284.6
14 Si 8.2 16.3 33.5 45.1 166.8 205.1 246.5 303.2
15 P 10.5 19.7 30.2 51.4 65.0 230.4 263.2 309.4
16 S 10.4 23.3 34.8 47.3 72.7 88.0 280.9 328.2
17 Cl 13.0 23.8 39.6 53.5 67.8 98.0 114.2 348.3
18 Ar 15.8 27.6 40.7 59.8 75.0 91.0 124.3 143.5
19 K 4.3 31.6 45.7 60.9 82.7 100.0 117.6 154.9
20 Ca 6.1 11.9 50.9 67.1 84.4 108.8 127.7 147.2
21 Sc 6.5 12.8 24.8 73.5 91.7 111.1 138.0 158.7
22 Ti 6.8 13.6 27.5 43.3 99.2 119.4 140.8 168.5
23 V 6.7 14.7 29.3 46.7 65.2 128.1 150.2 173.7
24 Cr 6.8 16.5 31.0 49.1 69.3 90.6 161.1 184.7
25 Mn 7.4 15.6 33.7 51.2 72.4 95.0 119.3 196.5
26 Fe 7.9 16.2 30.7 54.8 75.0 99.0 125.0 151.1
27 Co 7.9 17.1 33.5 51.3 79.5 102 129 157
28 Ni 7.6 18.2 35.2 54.9 75.5 108 133 162
29 Cu 7.7 20.3 36.8 55.2 79.9 103 139 166
30 Zn 9.4 18.0 39.7 59.4 82.6 108 134 174
31 Ga 6.0 20.5 30.7 64
