Page 5 - การจำแนกคุณลักษณะของเส้นใยฟางข้าวที่ผ่านกระบวนการทางเคมีและกระบวนการระเบิดด้วยไอน้ำ

Panaaek Athichalinthorn Academic Year 2013
Characterization of Chemically-Treated and Explosion-Steamed Wheat Fibers

Bachelor Degree in Engineering Department of Materials Engineering

Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University

Abstract

Wheat straws are one of the major agriculture waste in Thailand .Wheat
straws contain celluloses, lignins, and hemicelluloses. In this work, we want to study

the methods to leach out lignin and hemicelluloses to obtain fibers for using as

biomass, biodiesel, thermal insulator, fertilizer and many related products. The
studied treatment methods include a chemically-treated method under various base

conditions(Sodium Hydroxide 15% 10% 5% and 1%w/w) and an explosion-streamed
technique under varying pressure. The initial wheat fiber length ( 1 cm and 3-5 cm),

and the extraction scales (laboratory and pilot scales) were varied to study their
impacts on the resultant fibers. From Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), the result

o
showed that the temperature and time for wheat’s moisture removal is 100 C for 2
hours. For a wheat fiber length of 1 cm under varying NaOH concentration treatment,
15%w/w of NaOH treatment results in the shortest fiber length and highest aspect

ratio of 37. For wheat fiber length of 3-5 cm, the 15%w/w of NaOH tretment gave

shortest fiber length and the aspect ratio 120. The explosion-steamed at 15 bars
results in shorter fiber length but higher aspect ratio of 196. From Fourier Transform

Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) result, is shown that NaOH treatment effectively

decomposed cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses from the structures. The
binderless fiber-entanglement formation was studied. The results show that the

initial fiber length of 3-5 cm firm entanglement as opposed to the initial fiber length
of 1 cm. The entanglement strength is best for the fibers treated under 15%w/w of

NaOH solution.

Keywords: Characterization of Wheat Fiber, Chemical Treatment, Explosion

Steamed, Forming without binder
Department Reference No E1620-RCT-02-2556

v