Page 60 - History of War - Issue 30-16

FRANCE’S HERETIC WAR

escalated, Raymond threatened to kill Peter, “IN EXCHANGE FOR JUST 40 DAYS OF SERVICE FIGHTING IN THE
The meeting was a disaster. The arguments
early hours of 14 January 1208, Peter and his CHURCH’S HOLY WAR IN LANGUEDOC, SOLDIERS WERE GIVEN
and the legate left the count’s home. In the
River when a man on horseback rode past and INDULGENCES THAT ESSENTIALLY ERASED ALL OF THEIR SINS”
entourage were attempting to ford the Rhône
struck the legate lethally with his weapon. It
was never proven whether Raymond had Peter On the morning of 3 August, the crusaders up against the walls of Bourg to undermine
assassinated, or if he played a part in arranging made their irst assault on the suburb of St its foundations. On 8 August, the sappers
the murder, but he was accused by many. Vincent. Among the crusaders was Simon de succeeded in collapsing the wall. The suburb
Pope Innocent was furious when he heard Montfort, a warrior who was instrumental in was then swiftly taken and burned.
of his legate’s murder. On 10 March, he called overcoming the enemy ditches to then seize Cut off from their primary water supply,
for all of Christendom to rise up and end the the suburb after the defenders had led. Saint and suffering from the poor conditions due
Cathar threat. In exchange for 40 days of Vincent was won in two hours and razed to to overcrowding, the people of Carcassonne
service in the Church’s holy war, soldiers were the ground so that the crusaders could move surrendered. By 15 August, the viscount was
given indulgences that essentially erased all their siege engines into position to strike the imprisoned and the citizens of the city were
of their sins. Thousands locked to Lyon to join fortiications of the city. The worst part for the forced to abandon Carcassonne with none
the Catholic cause. Although warriors came defenders was with the suburb taken, they had of their possessions while wearing only their
from different European kingdoms, the majority lost their main water source. undergarments, or no clothing at all.
of the recruited soldiers were from northern The next day, Bourg was attacked. The
France. The Albigensian Crusade had begun. crusaders were bombarded with stones, and Tour of terror
were repelled by the defenders. De Montfort After the defeats at Béziers and Carcassonne,
Deus vult? proved his valour by rescuing a fellow knight many castles, fortii ed cities and strongholds
The crusaders’ irst target was the territory of with a broken leg while everyone else had led, throughout Languedoc submitted to the
the Trencavel family, ruled by the Viscount of except for one brave squire who helped. After crusaders from fear. Several other southern
Béziers and Carcassonne, Raymond-Roger, the assault failed, the northerners ired upon fortresses put up resistance, but most were
the nephew of the Count of Toulouse. After the walls of Bourg with their siege artillery. then taken by force. Carcassonne was made the
a public display of submission, the Church As the siege machines battered Bourg’s regional headquarters of the crusader forces
forgave Raymond of Toulouse, and he proved defences from 4-6 August, King Peter II of and a new leader was chosen. Because he was
his Catholic zeal by joining the crusade. As he Aragon arrived with 100 knights. The Spanish a skilled general and brave warrior, but did not
and his nephew were not on good terms, the ruler did not participate, but served as a have substantial lands at this point, de Montfort
Count led the crusaders to the Trencavel lands mediator between the northerners and his became the leader of the northern crusaders.
so that they would avoid his territories. vassal, Viscount Raymond-Roger Trencavel. Even though a large number of soldiers had
Following the massacre at Béziers, the army However, King Peter failed to make any impact, left the army, having fuli lled their 40 days of
moved towards Carcassonne. Though smaller so he left in anger as the siege continued. The service, de Montfort still managed to seize the
fortresses of Minerve, Termes, Cabaret and
Lavaur over the next two years. However, the
southern resistance was still strong, so when a
stronghold was lightly garrisoned or vulnerable,
it was taken back at every opportunity.

Below: The castle of This 15th-century painting shows
Quéribus, one of the ‘i ve Cathars with ropes around their necks
sons of Carcassonne’ that being burnt at the stake
defended the southern border
of Languedoc

Above: This 15th-century
illumination shows the
half-naked townspeople of
Carcassonne being forced
out of the city in 1209

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