Page 71 - All About History - Issue 11-14

Da Vinci’s genius inventions

THE SELF-PROPELLED CART

The world’s first self-propelled vehicle

espite predating combustion
and steam technology by some
centuries, Leonardo was able to
design a fully working vehicle in
arou
D nd 1478 that could carry itself
along without human assistance – possibly the
earliest precursor to the modern automobile.
Based on a wind-up spring, much like a child’s
clockwork toy, the wheels of the cart had to be
moved in reverse repeatedly, priming the strong
springs before releasing the device. The cart was
even intended to be programmable – by placing
wooden blocks between the vehicle’s gears the
operator could determine when it would turn at a Wind-up
certain angle, making it appear to any onlookers as mechanics
The spring mechanism Plotting a path
though it were choosing the direction itself. powering the cart would The cart’s gears
It’s thought that da Vinci only envisioned the be primed by turning the enabled the operator to
wheels in reverse, just like
cart to be used as a spectacle, for the amusement a child’s clockwork toy. predetermine when it
would turn at an angle on
of crowds rather than any other practical purpose. its path, by placing wooden
A modern blocks between them.
re-creation The fact the frame features no seat for a driver or
of the self- passenger suggests he hadn’t considered its use as Short journey
propelled cart The cart would have been
a means of transportation.
able to travel for around
The cart was never built during his 40m (130ft) before
eventually running out of
lifetime and has only recently energy and curiously only
been re-created. Given able to turn right.
the correct resources
and time, there’s no Verdict
knowing how far he If it was realised just what
could have taken an innovation had been
his cart, but by conceived, it’s possible
thinking outside Leonardo would have given
of his own time his cart a grander stage than
he was pre- frivolous carnivals. Though
empting a vision his cart was unrefined and
still many miles away from a
of modern life modern-day motor vehicle,
beyond anything the mechanics that gave it life
he could imagine. were revolutionary.

Da Vinci sketched several
solutions for reducing
THE BALL BEARING the friction between two
moving parts, concluding
The tiny invention that makes a big impact that the ball shape was
the most practical
Though they seem innocuous, ball bearings Verdict
are essential components in a whole range
of machines. When considering how best to The fact that the ball
bearing is still being used
reduce friction between two moving surfaces, more or less exactly as
in order to increase the speed at which they its creator envisioned
could rotate, da Vinci sketched out several is testament enough
uses of tiny balls within a mechanism. to both the man and
He intended to apply this concept to his his invention. Though
helicopter, using the limited friction of the the small component
balls to increase the propeller’s rotation speed. wasn’t quite enough to
save its creator’s flying
Ball bearings are widely used today in ambitions, it stands
practically any device with parts that require a as one of his most
high-speed rotation. important inventions.

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