Page 25 - Oceans

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Other hOtspOt islands

GalÁpaGos EastEr Island
These volcanic islands formed on a plate moving east over a The famous Easter Island statues are carved from volcanic ash
Pacific hotspot. The islands carried farther to the east are the erupted by three volcanoes formed over a Pacific hotspot about
oldest, while those in the west are still volcanically active. They 3 million years ago. The triangular island they created has since
are famous for their unique wildlife, like these marine iguanas. drifted off the hotspot, and the volcanoes are now extinct.

≤ fire and ice
The volcanic island of Iceland has been created by
a vast outpouring of basalt lava, from a hotspot
under the northern end of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Iceland has many active volcanoes, including one
that lies beneath a sheet of ice, and water seeping
down into the hot rock beneath the island erupts
in geysers of superheated water and steam.

seaMounts and guyots >
Most volcanoes that erupt from the ocean floor
never reach the surface, as seen here in a sonar
image. Some of these seamounts were volcanic
islands, but have sunk again. Worn flat on top
by waves, they are called guyots after their
discoverer, Henry Guyot (1807–1884).

> ocean ridges
Volcanic activity on the ocean floors has also
created many long ridges of seamounts that
have become joined together, especially in
the Indian Ocean. These form the foundation
for coral islands like the Maldives.