Page 157 - World of Animals - Book of Sharks & Ocean Predators

Penguins
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26. The word 30. A nest
penguin was
first used in the area is called

16th century a rookery
The word penguin was originally
created as a synonym for the extinct As social birds, penguins mate together
great auk in the 16th century. It is
believed the word stems from the en-masse in large breeding grounds referred
to as a rookeries. It’s here that penguins
Latin ‘pinguis’, meaning ‘fat’.
construct their nests and incubate their
young, with each nest being a specifi ed
27. The gentoo distance from its neighbour.
has a bright- of birds all tightly packed in one place and,
Rookeries frequently contain thousands
orange bill as such, each penguin develops its very own

Gentoo penguins are easily unique call that it can use to find its partner
Safety in numbers

identifiable due to their bright- or chick, even amid the throng. By nesting Penguins nest in close proximity
orange bill, which no other together in a rookery rather than on their in order to protect one another
species has. They also have the own in isolation, penguins also help defend from potential threats
biggest tail of all penguins one another against predators.
28. They enter 31. Each species has LEFT 32. There are 16
Penguins
the water in a distinctive call rely on their species of penguin,
groups Penguin calls may sound the same calls to warn 15 of which are now
of danger

Penguins tend to jump into but each one is identifiable, with a single as well as
identify nests
the ocean in large groups. penguin amid thousands of others capable endangered
Researchers believe that this of recognising its mate. As penguins are Sadly, over two-thirds of all penguin species are
habit is an evolved behaviour to nearly identical, these vocalisations play a currently rated as Near Threatened, Vulnerable
aid survivability and increase crucial part in their lives. or Endangered by the International Union for
safety from predators. There are three main types of penguin call: Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Climate change
the contact, display and threat calls. The first and human fishing activities have been highlighted

29. Megadyptes assists a penguin in recognising other colony as the main factors that are driving them towards
members and it’s typically very loud, with the
complete extinction.
antipodes has contact calls of the larger penguin species, A recent study by the World Wide Fund for Nature
yellow eyes such as the emperor and the king, travelling predicted that, thanks to the aforementioned
Megadyptes antipodes (yellow- over a kilometre (0.6 miles). The display call threats, emperor and adelie penguins will
eyed penguin) is easily identifiable is used between penguin partners and diff ers experience a steady decline in population size by
50 and 75 per cent respectively over the next 40
to the simpler and loud contact call in that it’s
purely by the colouration of its

eyes, which stand out as a bright far more complex, conveying information on years, making present conservation efforts all the
more vital.
territorial placement, sexuality and individual
greenish-yellow. This species is recognition. The threat call is the simplest
found only in New Zealand.
penguin vocalisation of the three and is used Macaroni
to warn other colony members of predators. Emperor Eudyptes Gentoo
Aptenodytes chrysolophus Pygoscelis
forsteri papua
LEFT Penguin colonies can
include many hundreds of
thousands of individuals, all
in one place Little Penguin
Chinstrap
Eudyptula minor
Pygoscelis antarctica
King
Aptenodytes
Humboldt patagonicus
Spheniscus
humboldti
African
Spheniscus Adelie
demersus Pygoscelis adeliae
Yellow-eyed
Megadyptes
Fiordland Galapagos antipodes
Eudyptes Spheniscus
pachyrhynchus mendiculus
Snares
Eudyptes robustus
Rockhopper Magellanic Erect-crested
Eudyptes chrysocome Spheniscus
magellanicus Eudyptes sclateri
157
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