Page 44 - (DK Eyewitness) Travel Guide - Croatia

42  INTRODUCING CRO A TIA

“the Illyrian”. Moving against this trend,
however, was the expansion of Hungary,
which tried to extend its influence in frontier
zones by imposing the use of the Magyar
language in administrative affairs and
schools. In the former Venetian territories,
on the other hand, pro-Italian nationalism,
with ideas of unification, was spreading
among the middle classes in the Dalmatian
Drawing showing the Congress of Vienna and Istrian cities. The Austrian government
opposed all these movements and
The Kingdom of the Illyrian continued to govern without compromise.
Provinces Indeed, they tried to introduce the teaching
The Napoleonic wars also affected Croatia, of German in schools. Any possible
where the Kingdom of Illyrian Provinces unification of Croatian territories was blocked
was established in 1809, governed by the by maintaining the Krajina, the military
French marshal, Marmont. This relatively border, and by customs barriers between
short period (five years) saw the intro- the various areas. Major public works, the
duction of important economic and legal expansion of the ports of Rijeka and Pula,
reforms that left a deep impression on which became a base for the Austrian fleet,
Croatian culture. With the mood of growing and a renewed road network were all made
nationalism in Europe, people felt inspired to promote Austrian interests.
to rebuild a united state. However, at the
Congress of Vienna (1815), Croatia From the Revolt of 1848 to
supported the expansionist aspirations Austro-Hungarian Reign
of Austria, which annexed all the Istrian After 1847, when the Sabor
and Dalmatian territories which had (parliament) of Zagreb managed
belonged to Venice, and the to proclaim Croatian as the
Republic of Dubrovnik. official language and
abolished feudalism, the
The Illyrian Movement revolt of the Hungarian
Croatian aspirations were people and the hopes
apparent in movements which aroused by the Italian
also influenced and politicized the revolution in 1848 also
newly emerging working class, a involved Croatian political
product of early industrialization. The movements. The failure to
origins of this nationalist trend can understand the Hungarian rebels
be dated to the 1834 writings of Ban Josip Jelačić, a Croatian and ambiguous Austrian
Ljudevit Gaj (1809–72), known as national hero policy forced the Ban, Josip

1830 Ljudevit Gaj publishes
1809 Napoleon Essential Rules of Croatian-Slavic
Bonaparte founds Spelling, introducing to the Ljudevit Gaj, head
kingdom of Napoleon script the signs missing from of the Croatian
Illyrian Provinces Bonaparte the Latin alphabet national revival
1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850
1832 Janko Drašković 1847 The Illyrian 1848–50 Hungarian uprising
1815 Treaty of publishes Dissertation Movement gains majority against Austria: Vienna
Vienna: Austria is against Hungarian and in Croatian Parliament and abolishes local autonomy,
allotted all the Austrian supremacy, proclaims Croat the dissolves Sabor and makes
territories of the introduces idea of Illyria as official language German the official language
Republic of Venice the “mother” of Croats

042-043_EW_Croatia.indd 42 20/10/16 12:31 pm
Eyewitness Travel LAYERS PRINTED:
History Portrait template “UK” LAYER
(Source v1.2)
Date 20th August 2012
Size 125mm x 217mm