Page 4 - Praktis Topikal A+ Sains Tg 3_Pan Asia Publications

1.3 Rangsangan dan Gerak Balas dalam 2. Mekanisme pernafasan:
Tumbuhan Breathing mechanism:
Stimuli and Responses in Plants
Lubang Rongga Farinks
Gerak Balas Tumbuhan hidung hidung Pharynx
Responses in Plants Nostrils Nasal cavity

Tropisme Gerak balas nastik Bronkus Trakea Larinks
Tropism Nastic movement Bronchus Trachea Larynx
Larynx ©PAN ASIA PUBLICATIONS

Fototropisme Geotropisme Bronkiol Alveolus
Phototropism Geotropism Bronchiole Alveolus

Hidrotropisme Tigmotropisme 3. Semasa menarik nafas:
Hydrotropism Thigmotropism During inhalation:

1.4 Kepentingan Gerak Balas terhadap
Rangsangan dalam Haiwan Lain
Importance of Responses to Stimuli in a
Animals b

1. Penglihatan stereoskopik: Kedua-dua mata
terletak di hadapan kepala.
Stereoscopic vision: Both eyes located in front of C
the head. (a) Isi padu rongga toraks bertambah.
2. Penglihatan monokular: Kedua-dua mata
terletak di sisi kepala. The volume of thoracic cavity increases.
Monocular vision: Both eyes located at the sides of (b) Otot interkostal mengecut, sangkar
the head. rusuk bergerak ke atas dan ke luar.
Intercostal muscles contract, rib cage moves
upwards and outwards.
BAB 2 RESPIRASI
RESPIRATION (c) Otot diafragma mengecut dan meleper.
Diaphragm muscles contract and become flat.
2.1 Sistem Respirasi Manusia 4. Semasa menghembus nafas:
Human Respiratory System During exhalation:

1. Struktur respirasi manusia merangkumi:
Human respiratory system includes:

Lubang hidung
Nostrils Rongga hidung
Nasal cavity
a
Epiglotis Farinks
Epiglottis Pharynx
b
Trakea
Larinks
Trachea
Bronkus C
Otot interkostal
Bronchus
Intercostal (a) Isi padu rongga toraks berkurang.
Diafragma The volume of thoracic cavity decreases.
Diaphragm (b) Otot interkostal mengendur, sangkar
Alveolus
Bronkiol rusuk bergerak ke bawah dan ke dalam.
Bronchiole Alveolus
Intercostal muscles relax, rib cage moves
downwards and inwards.
N2