Page 9 - 1202 Question Bank Grammar Form 4

16 Infinitives, Gerunds, and
Chapter Participles

NOTES

16.1 Infinitives
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Usage Example

An infinitive begins with to + a verb in the present tense.
(a) It is used to show purpose. We must try to overcome our problem.
(b) It may be used after a noun or pronoun. We want the police to arrest the burglar immediately.
The child is too sleepy to listen to us.
(c) It may be used after adjectives. I want to help him solve the case.
An infinitive may be used without the word to. Don’t you dare cheat your parents.

16.2 Gerunds

Usage Example
Gerund is formed by adding ing to the verb. It is used
as a noun.
(a) It can be used as subject or object of a verb. Learning is a lifelong process.
We all enjoy playing games.
(b) It can be used as object of a preposition. Everyone is keen on helping the poor.

16.3 Present Participle
Usage Example
The present participle is formed by adding -ing to a I saw the man acting rather suspiciously.
verb. It is used as an adjective to describe a person or The drilling noise is unbearable.
an object. We can’t forget the embarrassing situation.

16.4 Past Participle

Usage Example
The past participle is similar to verbs in the perfect The broken plate was discarded.
tense. However, they are not used as verbs but as The dismayed worker stormed out of the office.
adjectives describing the nouns. Surprised by the news, the lady immediately phoned
back home.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Exercise A 2. I personally saw the thief the room
with the box.
For each of the questions below, choose the best
answer from the options A, B, C and D. A leave C to leave
B left D to be leaving
1. Can you remember how this
gadget? 3. My parents are not at home, so I have to go
A operate C to operating and food for myself.
B to operate D operating A buy C to be buying
B to buy D buying

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