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2. The architecture: from the educational institution
                                                       to the learning environment

                become an inherent part of the organisation of the (online) learning
                environment. The learner also becomes a co-designer of this learning
                environment and its learning paths through the learning traces they
                leave behind, which form the input for permanent adjustments.

                Table 2. Architecture of the educational institution and the learning environment:
                building blocks and principles.

                 Architecture of the educational   Architecture of the learning
                 institution                     environment
                 Building blocks                 Building blocks

                 Student                         Learner
                 Teacher                         Learning functions
                 Teaching                        Instruction
                 Examination                     Assessment
                 Curriculum                      Learning paths
                 Educational goals               Learning outcomes
                 Goal attainment                 Proficiency level
                 Subjects                        Competencies
                 Disciplines                     Domains/environments
                 Proof of ability                Performance level
                 Degree                          Qualification (certificates)
                 School career                   Learning gain
                 Curriculum vitae                Portfolio
                 Educational expert              Learning analytics
                 Intelligence                    Talent
                 File                            Profile
                 Principles of organisation      Principles of organisation
                 Normality, connects             Employability, connects
                 •  goal of education and        •  learning outcomes and
                 •  societal proof of ability    •  societal required performance levels
                 Normalising and corrective measures, in view   Personalising and optimising feedback, in
                 of a normal development         view of learning profit
                 Disciplining: surveillance based on rules and   Monitoring: permanent evaluation of
                 norms in view of goal orientation (degrees)  processes in view of outcome orientation
                                                 (qualifications/certificates)
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