Page 715 - (ISC)² CISSP Certified Information Systems Security Professional Official Study Guide

before granting access, or the lock itself can serve as the verification
device that also grants or restricts entry.

Badges
Badges, identification cards, and security IDs are forms of physical

identification and/or electronic access control devices. A badge can be
as simple as a name tag indicating whether you are a valid employee or
a visitor. Or it can be as complex as a smartcard or token device that
employs multifactor authentication to verify and prove your identity
and provide authentication and authorization to access a facility,

specific rooms, or secured workstations. Badges often include pictures,
magnetic strips with encoded data, and personal details to help a
security guard verify identity.

Badges can be used in environments in which physical access is
primarily controlled by security guards. In such conditions, the badge
serves as a visual identification tool for the guards. They can verify
your identity by comparing your picture to your person and consult a

printed or electronic roster of authorized personnel to determine
whether you have valid access.

Badges can also serve in environments guarded by scanning devices
rather than security guards. In such conditions, a badge can be used
either for identification or for authentication. When a badge is used for
identification, it is swiped in a device, and then the badge owner must
provide one or more authentication factors, such as a password,

passphrase, or biological trait (if a biometric device is used). When a
badge is used for authentication, the badge owner provides an ID,
username, and so on and then swipes the badge to authenticate.

Motion Detectors

A motion detector, or motion sensor, is a device that senses movement
or sound in a specific area. Many types of motion detectors exist,
including infrared, heat, wave pattern, capacitance, photoelectric, and

passive audio.
An infrared motion detector monitors for significant or

meaningful changes in the infrared lighting pattern of a monitored