Page 164 - NS-2 Textbook

GLOSSARY 157

PACIFIST -one who believes that all disputes between SEA-LANE-a route of travel across an ocean or other
nations can and should be settled peacefully, exclud- large body of water. See also sea lines of communication.
ing military means of resolution. SEA LINES OF COMMUNICATION-the sea routes of
PARAPET -low protective wall along the edge of a forti- travel, supply, and transport between tvvo points on
fication, intended to protect soldiers from enemy fire. an ocean or other large body of water. See also sea-
PERESTROIKA-a Russian word for liberalization of lane.
domestic economic and social policies. SEA POWER-the ability of a cotmtry to use and control
PILLBOX-a roofed concrete emplacement for a ma- the sea, and to prevent its use by an enemy.
chine gtm or other weapon. SHOAL WATER-shallow water.
PINCERS MOVEMENT -a military maneuver in which SHOW OF FORCE-a public display of military power
the enemy is attacked from nvo flanks and the front designed to influence the outcome of an event of in-
at the same time. ternational interest, often political.
PORT -seagoing term for left; an observation window SHRAPNEL-shell fragments from a high-explosive
on a vessel. shell.
PREDREADNOUGlIT -any capital ship built behveen SILHOUETTE-an outline of something with no detail
the end of the American Civil War and the launching visible in the interim; usually filled in with black in
of the British battleship Dreadnought in 1907. the case of a drawing.
PRIVATEER-a private commerce raider who attacks SKI-JUMP CARRIER-an aircraft carrier, usually of
enemy shipping for personal gain, similar to a merce- medium size, fitted with an inclined bow ramp to ex-
nary in land warfare. Traditionally commissioned by pedite the takeoff of V jSTOL aircraft.
a letter of marque by the sponsoring government. SKlRMISH-a minor encOlmter in war between small
PROTECTORATE-a relationship of protection and par- groups of troops, often as part of a larger engagement.
tial control assumed by a superior power over a de- SNORKEL-a device used by a submarine to enable it to
pendent country. draw air from the surface while submerged; to oper-
PROTOTYPE-an original model on which all subse- ate submerged with just the snorkel showing.
quent designs are based. SONAR-sound navigation and ranging; underwater
QUARANTINE-similar to a blockade, except that only sound equipment for the detection of submarines and
ships with designated contraband are prevented from for navigation.
entering or leaving a designated port or area. SORTIE-to depart; the act of departing, as from a port;
RADAR-radio detection and ranging; an instrument for an airs trike.
determining, by radio frequency echoes, the presence SPRING LlNE-a mooring line at an acute angle to a ship.
of objects, and their range/ bearing, elevation, and STALEMATE-a deadlocked situation in which further
more recently, course and speed. action by either of nvo opponents is impossible or
RAID-a surprise attack, such as one made by a com- useless.
mando force. STARBOARD-seagoing term for right.
RANGE OF TIDE-the vertical distance between high START TREATIES-Reduction and Limitation of Strate-
and low tide levels in a body of water. gic Offensive Arms Treaties negotiated benveen the
REBELLION-an uprising or organized forceful opposi- United States and the USSR in the 1990s.
tion intended to overthrow an existing government STOCKPILE-a supply of material accumulated and
or ruling authority. stored for future use.
REPRISAL-retaliatory action for an injury or attack. STRATEGIC TRIAD-a scheme of tmclear deterrence
RIFLING-spiral grooves cut inside a gun bore to im- based on potential use of land-based ICBMs, ballistic-
part a spin to a projectile being fired. missile subn1arines, and n1almed bombers.
SABOTAGE-damage inflicted by enemy agents, or STRIKING FORCES-forces intended to carry out an of-
those sympathetic to the enemy, so as to obstruct the fensive attack against an enemy.
productivity or normal functioning of a target instal- SUBVERSION -the act of tmdermining the character,
lation, facility, or ship. morale, or allegiance of a target group.
SALT TREATIES-Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties SUMMIT MEETING-a meeting of the highest level of
signed by the United States and the USSR beginning government officials of two or more nations.
in the 1970s. SURVEILLANCE-close observation of a person or
SALVAGE-to save or recover material or ships that group, often undercover.
have been ,vreeked, sunk, or damaged. SWEEP-a mille-clearing operation on land or sea; a
SCUTTLE-to sink a ship deliberately, usually to avoid military patrol through an area to rid it of enemy
capture by an enemy. forces.