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154                                                                                     MARITIME  HISTORY

             In spite of all this, our Navy continues to perform its   Aug. 1998   Attack on bin Laden terrorist base
         mission with distinction, meeting every challenge both at   Aug. 2000   Attack on USS Cole
         home and abroad. Many trying times surely lie ahead as   Sept. 2001     Terrorist attack on World Trade
         'we continue to try to deal 'with the tragic events that have            Center and Pentagon
          afflicted our country, but there is no doubt that each gen-  Oct. 2001   Operation Enduring Freedom
         eration of Navy men and women  will do their best  to   Mar. 2003       Operation Iraqi Freedom
         continue to protect America and our way of life from all
         enemies, both foreign and domestic.  III                Study Guide Questions
                                                                  1.  What were the main provisions of the START II dis-
                                                                    armament treaty signed by the United States and the
                                                                    Russian Commonwealth in 1993?
                        CRITICAL THINKING                         2.  A.  What action caused the United States to engage
                                                                        in  massive  military  operations  in  the  Persian
          1.  Following  the  liberation  of  Kuwait  with  Operation   Gulf area in 1990-91?
            Desert  Storm  in  1991,  should  coalition  forces  have   B.  What were these operations called?
            continued  to  advance  into  Iraq  to  remove  Saddam   C.  What was the outcome?
            Hussein from power at that time? Justify your answer.   3.  What was the purpose of the no-fly zone imposed by
         2.  In the years following the terrorist attack on the World   the UN over southern Iraq in 1992?
            Trade Center buildings on 11  September 2001, many    4.  What provocative actions  did Hussein carry out in
            increased security measures were implemented in the     Iraq tru·oughout much of the 1990s?
            United States to try to lessen the threat of future  at-  5.  A.  What major terrorist actions against the United
            tacks. Research the security measures that have been       States occurred in Africa in 1998?
            taken, and state which of these appear to have been     B.  Who masterminded these?
            most effective and which have been least. What addi-    C.  What was the U.S. response?
            tional  measures 'would  you recommend be  taken in   6.  Where in Europe did fighting break out in 1991?
            the fuhue?                                            7.  What other trouble spots in Africa involved the U.S.
         3.  In  the  years  following  Operation  Iraqi  Freedom  in   Navy and Marines in the 1990s?
            2003,  lnuch  conhnversy  arose  concerning  President   8.  What event in 1998 caused much concern over nu-
            Bush's  decision  to  invade Iraq  and remove Saddam    clear nonproliferation issues?
            Hussein from  power.  State  the  major pros  and cons   9.  What major  incidents  occurred  in 1991  and  1996
            that have been advanced concerning this issue} and al-  that caused much internal tension in the u.s. armed
            ternative courses of action that might have been taken.   forces?
                                                                 10.  What incident of domestic  terrorism  took place in
                                                                    Oklahoma in 1995?
                                                                 11.  A.  What terrorist attack against America took place
                                                                       in September 2001?
                                                                    B.  W11at military action took place as a direct result
         Chronology
                                                                       of the attack?
         Aug. 1990        Iraq invades Kuwait                    12.  What were  the major concerns  that led the United
         Jan.  1991       Operation Desert Storm                    States to undertake Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003?
         June  1991       War in Bosnia begins
         Aug. 1992        Iraqi no-fly zone imposed
                                                                 Vocabulary
         Dec.  1992       Operation Restore Hope
         Apr.  1995       Oklahoma federal building bombed      no-fly zone                      mastermind
         July  1996       TWA Flight 800 salvage                holy war                         economic sanctions
         Sept. 1996       Missile attack on Iraq                nudear vveapons proliferation
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