Page 26 - NS-2 Textbook

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 19

Indies, the Mediterranean, and India. England, tired of Study Guide Questions
war, no'\'\' faced the puwerful combined forces of France,
1. As a result of the Seven Years' War, 'whose '\vorld-
Spain, and the Netherlands in Europe.
wide colonial possessions did Britain obtain?
In February 1782 Lord North resigned, and the new
2. A. Why did the British Parliament begin to lay bur-
pacifist cabinet in Parliament decided not to launch any
densome taxes on the American colonies?
more offensive attacks in North America. England sent a
B. What happened in 1773 as a result of the Town-
representative to Paris to discuss peace with the Ameri-
shend Act?
cans there. The American delegation, headed by BenJamm
3. What did the British response to the Boston Tea Party
Franklin, Jolm Jay, and John Adams, insisted on American
lead to in April 1775?
independence. England still held New York, Charleston,
4. What naval materials did the colonies supply to the
and Savarrnah in the colonies, but the pressure ill Europe
British Navy?
was worklng to the Americans' advantage.
5. When was the Marine Corps established?
The treaty that the Americans and the British drew
6. W1,at were the problems of recruiting a crew in the
up gave the colonies their full independence. They would
early Continental Navy?
not be under British rule or protection in any way. TI,e
7. How did the American invasion of Canada in 1775
colonies received a territory that extended west to the Mis-
turn out?
sissippi, north to the Great Lakes, and south to Florida.
8. A. Who was the American commander at the first
The U.s. Congress declared the war over on 11 Apn11783,
Battle of Lake Champlain in 1776?
but it was not until 3 September that the American and
B. W1,at was the important outcome of the battle?
British representatives signed the Peace of Paris.
9. A. What was the overall British plan to defeat the
TI,e small Continental Navy was generally ineffec-
Americans in 1777?
tive throughout the war in the face of what was then the
B. Whathappened?
most powerful navy on earth. But it was plain that sea
C. Why was the Battle of Saratoga vital to the Amer-
power had played a major role in America gaining its in-
ican cause?
dependence. Much of the artillery and other. supplies
D. What were the names of the opposing generals in
used by the Continental Army came from prIZes cap-
this battle?
tured at sea and were delivered by sea routes of supply.
10. Who was the great American diplomat who brought
Though no one won the battle off the Virginia Capes in
about the French alliance early in 1778?
1781, the French fleet prevented the British from helping
11. Who was the greatest American naval hero of the
Cornwallis, leading directly to his surrender. To many
Revolutionary War?
Americans, it had become obvious that to keep its free-
12. A. W1,ere did John Paul Jones have his famous battle
dom America needed a navy of its own. III
with HMS Sernpis?
B. W1,at was the name of the ship commanded by
Jones?
CRITICAL THINKING C. What was Jones's strategy in the fight?
13. What was Jones's famous reply when the British
1. Describe the major advantages and disadvantages of
captain asked if he was ready to strike his colors?
each of the two combatants of the American Revolu-
14. A. What crucial naval battle made victory at the
tionary Wm; 1775-83.
Battle of Yorktown possible?
2. Elaborate on the statement that sea power played a
B. VVho V\'ere the American and French comnlan-
major role in America gaining its independence dur-
ders at Yorktown?
ing the American Revolutionary War.
15. A. After Yorktown, where did the British concen-
trate their war effort?
B. When did the war officially end?
Chronology
Vocabulary
1775 Revolution begins
13 Oct. 1775 Congress establishes Navy iInpressment desertion
11-13 Oct. 1776 Battle of Lake Champlain artillery reinforcements
25 Dec. 1776 Washington crosses Delaware delegation grenade
17 Oct. 1777 Burgoyne surrenders at Saratoga powder cartridge topside
6 Feb. 1778 France allies with America weather decks broadside
23 Sept. 1779 Jones defeats Sernpis forestay nlairunast
12 May 1780 Charleston surrenders mizzenmast militia
9-19 Oct. 1781 Battle of Yorktown garrison