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470 Nutrient Manipulation for Obesity
Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes

Conclusion: Index and Waist Circumferece cutpoints in multi ethnic populations from
the UK and India: the ADDITION-Leicester, Jaipur heartwatch and New
Nutritional research on specific foods in the pre- Delhi cross sectional studies. PLoS One 2014: 9: e90813.
vention and treatment of obesity is ongoing. Food 4. Symonds, M.E. et al. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 5, 604-610 (2009); published
composition has changed with variations in macro- on line September 2009; doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.195.
nutrients, fiber content, bioactive food ingredients 5. Koletzko B, Shamir R, Turck D, Philips M(eds): Nutrition and Growth Year
with the change in dietary strategy to decrease the book 2014. World Rev Nutr Diet. Basel, Karger, 2014 Vol 109, pp 1-22
fat mass; there is intense debate on dietary regime (DOI:10.1159/000356352)
which provides weight loss and long term weight 6. Ebrahimof. S, Mirmiran. P, Nutritional Approches for Prevention and Treat-
maintenance. Crux of obesity treatment is to control ment of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults. JPS. Spring 2013. Vol. 4, No. 2,
the food intake due to its direct association with en- ISSN 2008-4978.
ergy balance. Adherence to weight loss program is 7. Abete I et al. Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Role of different
influenced by appetite regulation, feeling of hunger dietary macronutient distribution patterns and specific nutritional com-
and satiety. Weight loss and beneficial health ef- ponenets on weight loss and maintenance. Nut Rev April 2010. Vol.
fects were always consistently produced by energy 68(4);214-231(DOI:10.1111/J.1753-4887.2010,00280.x)
restricted diets. In spite of the health benefits like 8. Casazza K, Fontaine KR, Astrup A, et al. Myths presumptions and facts
weight loss, greater reduction in waist circumference, about obesity. New England Journal of Medicine 2013; 368(5):446-454.
systolic BP, diastolic BP, plasma triglycerides, fasting 9. Santos FL, Esteves SS, da Costa Pereira A, et al, Systematics review and
blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, plasma insulin, meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on
cardiovascular risk factors. Obesity Reviews 2012;13:1048-1066.
plasma hs-CRP and in HDL cholesterol(9); many in-
dividuals were unable to sustain on energy restricted 10. Krieger JW, Sitren HS, Daniels MJ, Langham -Henken B: Effects of vari-
diets due to increased hunger and energy expendi- ations in protein and carbohydrate intake on body mass and composition
during energy restriction: a meta-regression. American Journal of Clinical
ture adaptations. HPLCDs is superior to low fat diet Nutrition 2006;83:260-274.
in decreasing weight and improving metabolic risk
factors(12).Dietary monotony and lack of variability Books:
makes compliance difficult(7). The greatest challenge `Tan CS, Ravussin E, The role of energy metabolism in
is to incorporate the appropriate diet into a food cul- the regulation of energy balance, Defronzo RA, Fer-
ture to achieve long term adherence.
rannini E, ZImmet P, Alberti K, International Textbook
Key Messages: of Diabetes Mellitus, Haryana, Wiley India Pvt Ltd ,
Vol. I/Fourth Edition 2015: 479.
Body weight is an intricate balance between calories
consumed and calories burned. Tan CS, Ravussin E, Treatment of obesity: life style
and pharmacotherapy, Defronzo RA, Ferrannini E,
Overweight and obesity are linked to more deaths ZImmet P, Alberti K, International Textbook of Dia-
worldwide than underweight. betes Mellitus, Haryana, Wiley India Pvt Ltd , Vol. I/
Excess food intake with sedentary life style is one Fourth Edition 2015: 489-494.
of the reason for obesity, metabolic syndrome and
diabetes.
Diet is the crux in obesity management and compli-
ance is a challenge.
High protein, low carbohydrate diets are the most
efficient and produces beneficial effects on all the
cardiometabolic risk factors.
In type diabetics, weight loss can be induced by diet
and exercise this usually leads to optimal glycemic
control with reduced dose and use of antidiabetics
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1. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ 4th August 2017
2. Gupta R, Agarwal A, Misra A, Gupta S, VIkram NK. Metabolic Cardiovas-
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3. Bodicat DH, Gray LJ, Henson J, Webb D, Guru A, Misra A et al.Body Mass

GCDC 2017