Page 504 - fbkCardioDiabetes_2017

480 Foot Care in Type 2 Diabetes

patients. Skin temperature measurements can be Sensation Sensation is reduced or full
used as a diagnostic tool for diabetic foot ulcer- absent to touch, vibration, pain
ations, decubitus wounds, and Charcot arthropathy.
and pressure
High temperature gradients between feet may predict
the onset of neuropathic ulceration and self-monitor-
ing may reduce the risk of ulceration. Ankle reflex absent

Fever and chills, bad odor or pus from foot ulcer and
shiny, tight skin on the foot which turns dark, cold, Diabetes and Foot care:
or pale. Management of diabetes along with regular foot care
prevents foot sores which are difficult to treat and
Foot weakness or trouble moving the foot and in-
creased size or deepness of the foot ulcer. Muscle requires amputation. The suitable strategy to prevent
pain or cramps that occur when you exercise and the diabetic foot complications includes appropriate
go away with rest. diabetes management through regular monitoring
of blood sugar levels, regular physical activity and
Foot pain with little or without sensation, redness, healthy diet plan. The assessment and management
warmth, swellingness in foot, thickening of toe nails. of diabetic foot ulcer can best be achieved by the
vascular management of ischemia and existing co
Clawed toes, raised arch, foot drop, muscle wasting
and other deformities are the major signs of motor morbid conditions, controlling the infection, removing
neuropathy. necrotic tissues and off –loading the planter pressure.
Dry skin, fissuring, distended dorsal veins, warm Preventive measures:
foot, increased blood flow and bounding pulses are
the major signs of autonomic neuropathy. Micro vascular and macro vascular complications in
DM are responsible for major morbidity and mortal-
Diabetic foot ulcer can be diagnosed through blood ity in diabetic patients. Prevention of these compli-
test, biopsy, ankle brachial index, arterial Doppler, cations should be the aim while managing diabetes.
monofilament, bone scan, CT, MRI, ultrasound and The most essential components of foot management
X-ray. are regular inspection and examination, identification
of at-risk foot and appropriate treatment of ulcers
Clinical symptoms:
and infections.
Clinical symptoms Neuropathic ulcer Non healing ulcers cause severe damage to tissues
Deformity in foot Clawed toes, possible high and bones which might leads to the amputation of
arch, possibility of charcot de- toe, foot or a part of leg. Hence regular foot care is
formities necessary in case of foot ulcer development. Patient
education should focus on the foot hygiene, skin
Temperature and Warm temperature, foot pulse
foot pulse id present but often bounding, and nail care routines, appropriate foot wares and
dilated with prominent veins appropriate foot care administered by qualified pro-
fessionals can reduce injuries that may lead to foot
Condition of the Sweating is reduced which re- ulceration.
skin sulted in dry skin
Regular feet inspection: Check the feet for cracks,
Presence of the Callus is present in weight cuts, tenderness, swelling, blisters for once a day.
callus bearing areas and they are
very thick Regular washing of feet: Once a day wash the feet
Location and Ulcer is present in the planter in lukewarm water and gently dry them specifically
characteristic of aspects of foot or toes and is between the toes. Appropriate use of moisturizing
ulcer usually painless with punched cream or lotion on the tops and bottoms of the feet
out appearance surrounded by helps to keep the skin soft.
callus. Trimming of toe nails: Trim the toe nails as a straight
across and file sharp ends.
Avoid barefoot: In order to prevent injury in the feet
avoid bare foot, even in house and ware clean, dry
socks.

GCDC 2017