Page 354 - Critical Care Nursing Demystified

Chapter 7 CARE OF THE PATIENT WITH ENDOCRINE DISORDERS 339

TABLE 7–6 Classes of Drugs to Improve Control of Type 2 DM (Continued)
Class Characteristics Drug Names
Thiazolidinediones Promotes effects of insulin Actos (pioglitazone) and
at receptor sites, resulting Avandia (rosiglitazone)
in glycemic control without
creating hypoglycemia
Dipeptidyl Increases and prolongs Sitagliptin (Januvia) and
peptidase-4 (DPP-4) the action of incretin, a vildagliptin (Galvus)
inhibitor hormone that increases
insulin release and
decreases glycogen levels,
resulting in improved
glucose control

Insulin Therapy
Route of
Drug Administration Action
Regular Iletin IV or subcutaneously Onset 1 hour, peak
Humulin R, Novolin R Only type of insulin 2–4 hours, duration
suitable for IV use 5–8 hours Downloaded by [ Faculty of Nursing, Chiangmai University 5.62.158.117] at [07/18/16]. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Not to be redistributed or modified in any way without permission.
Lispro (Humalog) Subcutaneously Onset 10–15 minutes,
Aspart (Novolog) peak 45–60 minutes,
duration 1.5–3.5 hours
Lente (Humulin L, Novolin L), Subcutaneously Onset 1–3 hours,
semilente insulin peak 8–12 hours,
duration 18–24 hours
NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N) Subcutaneously Onset 3–4 hours,
peak 6–12 hours,
duration 18–28 hours
Ultralente (Humulin U) Subcutaneously Onset 4–6 hours,
Glargine* (Lantus), determir peak 18–24 hours,
(Levemir) duration 36 hours
Combination therapy Subcutaneously Onset, duration, and
(premixed) peak times vary
NPH/Regular 70/30, Ex:
(Humulin 70/30, Novolin
70/30)
NPH/Regular 50/50 (Humulin
50/50)
NPH/Lispro 75/25 (Humalog
Mix 75/25)
∗ Glargine is given at bedtime and has no peak action.