Page 1049 - Hall et al (2015) Principles of Critical Care-McGraw-Hill

2 References

26. Ryan J, Abel R, Abbott W, et al. Catheter complications in total transparent polyurethane dressing, and an iodophor-transparent
parenteral nutrition: a prospective study of 200 consecutive dressing. JAMA. 1987;258:2396-2403.
patients. New Engl Med. 1974;290:757-761. 42. Syndman D, Murray S, Kornfeld S, et al. Total parenteral
27. Michel L, McMichan J, Bachy J. Microbial colonization nutrition-related infections: prospective epidemiologic study
of in-dwelling central venous catheters: statistical evaluation of using semiquantitative methods. Am J Med. 1982;73:695-699.
potential contaminating factors. Am J Surg. 1979;137:745-748. 43. Sitges-Serra A, Puig P, Linares J, et al. Hub colonization as
28. Hoffman KK, Western S, Kaiser DL, et al. Bacterial colonization the initial step in an outbreak of catheter-related sepsis due to
and phlebitis-associated risk with transparent polyurethane film coagulase negative Staphylococci during parenteral nutrition.
for peripheral intravenous site dressings. Am J Infect Control. J Parent Enteral Nutr. 1984;8:668-672.
1988;16:1016. 44. Linares J, Sitges-Serra A, Garau J, et al. Pathogenesis of catheter
29. Conly J, Stein K, Peters B. The pathogenesis of catheter- sepsis: a prospective study with quantitative and semiquantita-
related infection in central venous catheters using gauze versus tive cultures of catheter hub and segments. J Clin Microbiol.
transparent dressings. In Wadstrom T, Eliasson I, Holder 1985, 21:357-360.
I, Ljungh A, eds. Pathogenesis of Wound and Biomaterial 45. Raad I, Costerton W, Sabharwal U, Sacilowski M, Anaissie E,
Association Infections. London: Springer-Verlag; 1990:508-517. Bodey GP. Ultrastructural analysis of indwelling vascular cath-
30. Maki DG, Ringer M, Alvarado CJ. Prospective randomized trial eters: a quantitative relationship between luminal colonization
of povidone-iodine, alcohol, and chlorhexidine for prevention of and duration of placement. J Infect Dis. 1993;168:400-407.
infection associated with central venous and arterial catheters. 46. Donlan RM. Biofilms and device-associated infections. Emerg
Lancet. 1991;338:339-343. Infect Dis. 2001;7:277-281.
31. Marschall J, Mermel L, Classen D, et al. Strategies to prevent 47. Bollet C, Elkouby A, Pietri P, et al. Isolation of Enterobacter
central line–associated bloodstream infections in acute care amnigenus from a heart transplant recipient. Eur J Clin Microbiol
hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29:S22-S30. Infect Dis. 1991;10:1071-1073.
32. Ramritu P, Halton K, Collignon P. A systematic review compar- 48. Henderson D, Baptiste R, Parrillo J, et al. Indolent epidemic of
ing the relative effectiveness of antimicrobial-coated catheters Pseudomonas cepacia bacteremia and pseudobacteremia in an
in intensive care units. Am J Infect Control. 2008;36:104-117. intensive care unit traced to a contaminated blood gas analyzer.
33. Hockenhull JC, Dwan KM, Smith GW. The clinical effectiveness Am J Med. 1988;84:75-81.
of central venous catheters treated with anti-infective agents in 49. O’Grady NP, Alexander M, Dellinger EP, et al. Guidelines for the
preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections: a systematic prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. MMWR
review. Crit Care Med. 2009;37:702-712. Recomm Rep. 2002;51:1-26.
34. Walder B, Pittet D, Tramer M. Prevention of bloodstream infec- 50. Maki D, Weise C, Sarafin H. A semiquantitative method
tions with central catheters treated with anti-infective agents for identifying intravenous catheter–related infection. N Engl
depends on catheter type and insertion time: evidence from a J Med. 1977;296:1305-1309.
meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;23:748-756. 51. Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, et al. Clinical practice guidelines
35. Cobb DK, High KP, Sawyer RG, et al. A controlled trial of for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-
scheduled replacement of central venous and pulmonary-artery related infection: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society
catheters. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1062-1068. of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:1-45.
36. Rello J, Coll P, Net A, Prats G. Infection of pulmonary artery 52. Raad I, Hanna H, Maki D. Intravascular catheter-related infec-
catheters: epidemiologic characteristics and multivariate analy- tions: advances in diagnosis, prevention, and management.
sis of risk factors. Chest. 1993;103:132-136. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7:645-657.
37. Mermel LA, Maki DG. Infectious complications of Swan-Ganz 53. Mermel LA, Farr BM, Sherertz RJ, et al. Guidelines for the man-
pulmonary artery catheters: pathogenesis, epidemiology, pre- agement of intravascular catheter–related infections. Clin Infect
vention and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994; Dis. 2001;32:1249-1272.
149:1020-1036. 54. Dugdale DC, Ramsey PG. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in
38. Maki DG, Rhame FS, Mackel DC, Bennett JV. Nationwide patients with Hickman catheters. Am J Med. 1990;89:137-141.
epidemic of septicemia caused by contaminated intravenous 55. Press OW, Ramsey PG, Larson EB, et al. Hickman catheter
products. Am J Med. 1976;60:471-485. infections in patients with malignancies. Medicine (Baltimore).
39. Jarvis WR, Highsmith AK. Bacterial growth and endotoxin 1984;63:189-200.
production in lipid emulsion. J Clin Microbiol. 1984;19:17-20. 56. Schuman ES, Winters V, Gross GF, Hayes JF. Management of
40. Plouffe JF, Brown DG, Silva J, et al. Nosocomial outbreak of Hickman catheter sepsis. Am J Surg. 1985;149:627-628.
Candida parapsilosis fungemia related to intravenous infusions. 57. Pronovost P, Needham D, Berenholz S, et al. An intervention
Arch Intern Med. 1977;137:1686-1689. to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU.
41. Maki D, Ringer M. Evaluation of dressing regimens for preven- N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2725-2732.
tion of infection with peripheral intravenous catheters: gauze, a

Section05-O-ref.indd 2 1/20/2015 4:51:18 PM