Page 19 - Cardiac Nursing

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C Contents
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I Central Nervous System Regulation 71
PA R T 1 Autonomic Nervous System Regulation 71
Systemic Hormones 77
Anatomy and Physiology1 Arterial Blood Pressure 80
Heart Rate 80
Intrinsic Cardiac Control 81
C HAPTE R 1 Extrinsic Control: Pericardial Limitation 82
Long-Term Control of Blood Pressure 83
Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology 1 Local Regulation of Systemic Microvascular
Beds84
Eleanor F. Bond
Venous System 85
General Anatomic Description 1
Relation Between Cardiac Output and Central Venous
Cardiac Structures 2
Pressure—Retrograde Versus Antegrade
Cardiac Tissue6
Models 86
Coronary Circulation 9
Valsalva Maneuver 87
Cardiac Innervation 13
Overall Control 88
Myocardial Cell Structure 13
Myocardial Cell Electrical Characteristics 14
Cardiac Action Potential 18
Sarcolemmal Ionic Currents 22
Factors Modifying Electrophysiologic Function 24 II
Propagation of the Cardiac Impulse 26 PA R T
Mechanical Characteristics of Cardiac Cells29
Mechanical Properties of the Myocardium 30 Physiologic and Pathologic
Myocardial Metabolism 35 Responses 97
Physiology of the Coronary Circulation 35
The Cardiac Cycle37
C HAPTE R 2 C HAPTER 4
Genetics 97
Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation and
Bradley E. Aouizerat
Oxygen Delivery 42
DNA 97
Elizabeth J. Bridges • Joseph
DNA and Human Diversity 99
O. Schmelz
Genetic Variation 99
Structural Characteristics of the Vasculature and Lymphatics 42 Gene Testing 100
Local Regulation 46 The Human Genome Project 100
Neurohumoral Stimulation 51 Pharmacogenomics 100
Calcium 53 Biochemical Basis of Genetic Disease 100
Volume and Flow Distribution 54 Overview: Heart Disease 101
The Venous System 56 The Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease 102
Microcirculatory Exchange56 Evidence for a Genetic Basis of Coronary Artery
The Lymphatic System 58 Disease 103
Pulmonary Circulation 58 Diagnosis and Risk Assessment: Application of
CH A PTE R 3 Genetic Susceptibility Information in the
Prevention of Coronary Artery
Disease 105
Regulation of Cardiac Output and
Ethical Considerations 106
Blood Pressure69 Summary 106
Elizabeth J. Bridges
Afferent Input and Receptor 69
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