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The mediastinum IIcthe vessels of the thorax
Inferior thyroid Inferior laryngeal
Superficial cervical Thyroidea ima
Suprascapular
Costocervical trunk
Thyrocervical trunk
Vertebral Deep cervical
Scalenus anterior
Dorsal scapular Superior intercostal
Subclavian
Upper two posterior
Internal thoracic (mammary)
intercostals
Anterior intercostals
Musculophrenic
Brachiocephalic
Superior epigastric

Posterior intercostals
(also supply spinal cord)
Bronchial
Oesophageal branches
Mediastinal
Subcostal

Fig.4.1 Aortic opening in diaphragm
The branches of the arch and the descending thoracic aorta (T12)

Inferior thyroid
Left brachiocephalic
Left internal jugular
Right lymph duct Thoracic duct
Vertebral
Left subclavian
Right brachiocephalic Internal thoracic
Left superior intercostal
Superior vena cava
Right atrium Vagus nerve Crossing arch
Azygos Phrenic nerve of the aorta
Posterior intercostal
T7 Accessory hemiazygos

T8

Hemiazygos
Diaphragm

Aortic opening in diaphragm
Fig.4.2
The principal veins of the thorax

12 Thorax