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Insertion: To the greater trochanter.
Origin: From the anterior inferior iliac spine (straight head) and
Actions: Abduction and medial rotation of the thigh.
the upper lip of the acetabulum (reflected head).
Nerve supply: Superior gluteal nerve.
• Gluteus minimus • Rectus femoris
• Vastus medialis
Origin: From the gluteal surface of the ilium below gluteus medius. Origin: From the medial lip of the linea aspera.
Insertion: To the greater trochanter. • Vastus lateralis
Actions: Abduction and medial rotation of the thigh. The most import- Origin: From the lateral lip of the linea aspera.
ant action of medius and minimus is to prevent the pelvis tilting to the • Vastus intermedius
unsupported side when taking the weight on one leg, as in walking. Origin: From the lateral and anterior surfaces of the femur.
Nerve supply: Superior gluteal nerve. Insertion of quadriceps: The four parts of quadriceps are inserted into
• Tensor fasciae latae the patella and, from here, to the tubercle of the tibia. The patella is thus
Origin: From the anterior part of the crest of the ilium. a sesamoid bone in the tendon of quadriceps.
Insertion: To the lateral condyle of the tibia via the iliotibial tract. Actions: Extension and stabilization of the knee. Rectus is also a weak
Actions: Extension of the knee joint. Helps the gluteal muscles to pre- flexor of the thigh.
vent tilting of the pelvis. Nerve supply: Femoral nerve.
Nerve supply: Superior gluteal nerve. • Pectineus
• Piriformis Origin: From the superior ramus of the pubis.
Origin: From the front of the sacrum. Insertion: To the back of the femur between the lesser trochanter and
Insertion: Into the greater trochanter via the greater sciatic notch. the linea aspera.
Action: Lateral rotation of the thigh. Actions: Adduction and flexion of the thigh.
Nerve supply: From the sacral plexus. Nerve supply: Femoral and obturator nerves.
• Obturator internus • Adductor longus
Origin: From the inner surface of the hip bone and the obturator Origin: From the front of the pubis just below the pubic tubercle.
membrane. Insertion: To the middle third of the linea aspera.
Insertion: To the greater trochanter via the lesser sciatic notch. Action: Adduction of the thigh.
Action: Lateral rotation of the thigh. Nerve supply: Obturator nerve.
Nerve supply: From the sacral plexus. • Adductor brevis
• Quadratus femoris Origin: From the inferior ramus of the pubis.
Origin: From the outer surface of the ischial tuberosity. Insertion: To the upper part of the linea aspera.
Insertion: To the quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of the Action: Adduction of the thigh.
femur. Nerve supply: Obturator nerve.
Action: Lateral rotation of the thigh. • Adductor magnus
Nerve supply: From the sacral plexus. Origin: From the inferior ramus of the pubis and the ramus of the
• Obturator externus ischium, back as far as the ischial tuberosity.
Origin: From the obturator membrane and the surrounding bone. Insertion: To the whole length of the linea aspera and to the adductor
Insertion: To the trochanteric fossa of the femur. tubercle of the femur.
Action: Lateral rotation of the thigh. Actions: Adduction and extension of the thigh (the latter action is car-
Nerve supply: Obturator nerve. ried out by the ‘hamstring’ part of the muscle which arises from the
• Iliacus ischial tuberosity).
Origin: From the concave inner surface of the ilium. Nerve supply: Adductor part by the femoral nerve and hamstring part
Insertion: Passes under the inguinal ligament to the lesser trochanter, in by the sciatic nerve.
company with psoas major. • Gracilis
Action: Flexion of the thigh. Origin: From the inferior ramus of the pubis and the ramus of the
Nerve supply: Femoral nerve. ischium.
• Psoas major Insertion: To the medial side of the tibia between sartorius and
Origin: From the transverse processes and the sides of the bodies and semitendinosus.
intervertebral discs of the lumbar vertebrae. Action: Adduction of the thigh.
Insertion: Passes under the inguinal ligament to the lesser trochanter in Nerve supply: Obturator nerve.
company with iliacus. (Joint muscle often called iliopsoas.) • Biceps femoris
Action: Flexion of the thigh. Origin: Long head from the ischial tuberosity and short head from the
Nerve supply: Femoral nerve. linea aspera.
• Sartorius Insertion: By a thick tendon into the head of the fibula.
Origin: From the anterior superior iliac spine. Actions: Extension of the hip and flexion of the knee.
Insertion: To the medial side of the upper end of the tibia just in front of Nerve supply: Sciatic nerve (both components).
gracilis and semitendinosus. • Semitendinosus
Actions: Flexion and abduction of the thigh and flexion of the knee (the Origin: From the ischial tuberosity.
‘tailor’s position’). Insertion: To the medial side of the front of the tibia, behind sartorius
Nerve supply: Femoral nerve. and gracilis.
• Quadriceps femoris: Actions: Extension of the hip and flexion of the knee joint.
Muscle index 165