Page 494 - Encyclopedia of Nursing Research

SeCOnDARy DATA AnAlySIS n 461

from a psychotic episode can take months to Solomon, 2007). At least 75% of persons with
years depending on the severity, presence of schizophrenia respond well to psychotropic
psychosocial support, and response to medi- medications and psychiatric rehabilitation S
cations. Schizophrenia is ranked fourth of and can live successfully in the community
the top 10 of all diseases worldwide in terms with the proper social support. early diagno-
of burden of illness. The top three are unipo- sis and treatment has been proven to decrease
lar disorder, alcohol use, and bipolar disor- disability (Addington & Addington, 2009).
der. Schizophrenia ranks second in women however, the majority of the persons with
age 14 to 44 years of all diseases worldwide chronic schizophrenia do not receive treat-
in terms of burden of illness. It is projected ment, which contributes to the chronicity
that by 2020, neurobiological illnesses will often associated with this illness.
account for almost 15% of all illnesses world- A CInAhl and OVID search of schizo-
wide (World health Organization, 2004). phrenia research articles published in all
Twenty to fifty percent of patients with nursing journals from 2005 to 2010 returned
schizophrenia attempt suicide, and 10% of 119 articles that were categorized as (1) care-
them succeed. giver and family burden (N = 18); (2) children
Schizophrenia accounts for 40% of all and adolescents (N = 2); (3) inpatient treatment
long-term care hospital days. The cost of (N = 8); (4) management of hallucinations and
schizophrenia in the United States in 2002 delusions (N = 9); (5) outcomes measures and
was estimated to be $62.7 billion (mcevoy, assessment tools (N = 10); (6) psychoeducation
2007). These costs include direct care in (N = 4); (7) psychosocial rehabilitation (N = 15);
institutions and the community as well (8) psychotherapy (N = 6); (9) stigma (N = 4);
as in indirect costs of loss of productivity, (10) symptom management and relapse pre-
caregiver burden, and law enforcement. vention (N = 8); (11) treatment adherence and
Tragically, in 2010, it is now three times more medication management (N = 15); (12) well-
likely that a person with schizophrenia will ness, lifestyle, and medical comorbidity (N =
be treated in a forensic setting as compared 13); and (13) women’s issues (N = 6). This dis-
with a hospital (Torrey, entsminger, geller, tribution of nursing research reflects a dra-
Stanley, & Jaffe, 2010). Currently, there are matic increase in programmatic and treatment
280,000 persons with mental illness in jails innovations by nurses in the past 5 years.
and prisons compared with 70,000 in hos-
pitals. On any given day, 1.8 million people Mary Moller
with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder go Kathleen Fentress
without treatment. more than two-out-of-five
of our most severely mentally ill people go
untreated. This places the people who need
treatment the most, and the whole nation, Secondary data analySiS
at risk. Approximately 200,000 Americans
with untreated severe mental illness are
homeless. Secondary data analysis uses the analysis of
The cause remains unknown, but neuro- data that the analyst was not responsible for
anatomical, neurophysiological, and neuro- collecting or data that was collected for a dif-
electrical abnormalities have been identified. ferent problem from the one currently under
genetic associations have also been discov- analysis. The data that are already collected
ered. The cure remain elusive; however, and archived in some fashion are referred to
treatments have dramatically improved since as secondary information. Statistical meta-
the initiation of the recovery philosophy in analysis might be considered a special case
the 1970s (Corrigan, mueser, Bond, Drake, & of secondary analysis (see Meta-Analysis).