Page 81 - Concise Pathology for Exam Preparation ( PDFDrive )

66 SECTION I General Pathology

Q. Enumerate the complications of fracture healing.

Ans. Complications of Fracture Healing:
1. Fibrous union (inadequate immobilization permits constant movement at the fracture
site so that the normal constituents of callus do not form; callus is comprised of only
fibrous tissue and cartilage)
2. Nonunion
3. Delayed union
4. Pseudoarthrosis (if a nonunion allows too much motion along the fracture gap; the
central portion of the callus undergoes cystic degeneration and its luminal surface be-
comes lined by synovial-like cells creating a false joint called pseudoarthrosis)

Q. Enumerate the factors that retard wound healing.

Ans. Factors that retard wound healing may be:
1. Local
(a) Decreased blood supply
(b) Denervation
(c) Local infection
(d) Foreign body
(e) Mechanical stress
(f) Large amounts of haemorrhage and necrosis
2. Systemic
(a) Old age
(b) Malnutrition
(c) Anaemia
(d) Obesity
(e) Drugs (steroids)
(f) Systemic infection
(g) Genetic disorders, eg, Marfan syndrome and Ehlers–Danlos disease
(h) Diabetes mellitus
(i) Uraemia
(j) Vitamin and trace metal (zinc and copper) deficiency

Q. Enumerate the complications of wound healing.
Ans. Complications of wound healing are:
1. Deficient scar formation leading to wound dehiscence (rupture) or ulceration
2. Formation of exuberant granulation tissue which protrudes above the level of the
surrounding skin and blocks re-epithelialization (proud flesh)
3. Excessive formation of repair components, eg, collagen leading to hypertrophied scar
or keloid formation
4. Development of contractures (palmar or Dupuytren contracture and plantar contracture)
5. Development of incisional hernia, neoplasia, pigmentation or implantation cysts

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