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386 Part V: Therapeutic Principles Chapter 24: Treatment of Infections in the Immunocompromised Host 387

TABLE 24–1. Coverage and Side Effects of Drugs Used as Empiric Therapy
Drug Category Drug Brand Name Activity Toxicity
Antipseudomonal Piperacillin- Zosyn Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus, Hypokalemia, antiplatelet effect
penicillins tazobactam Streptococcus, Enterococcus faecalis,
anaerobes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enteric
Gram-negative rods
Antipseudomonal Ceftazidime Fortaz P. aeruginosa, enteric Gram-negative rods,
cephalosporins methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus*
Cefepime Maxipime P. aeruginosa, enteric Gram-negative rods, Cefepime-induced neurotoxicity
methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus
Aminoglycosides Amikacin Amikin Enteric Gram-negative rods, P. aeruginosa Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Tobramycin Nebcin
Gentamicin Garamycin
Glycopeptide Vancomycin Vancocin Staphylococcus (including MRSA), Ototoxicity, red-man syndrome
Streptococcus, E. faecalis, Corynebacterium with rapid infusion
Carbapenem Imipenem Primaxin Gram-negative rods, Pseudomonas aerug- Nausea, seizures (imipenem)
Meropenem Merrem inosa (except for ertapenem), methicillin-
sensitive Staphylococcus, Streptococci,
Ertapenem Invanz Enterococcus (imipenem), anaerobes
Doripenem Doribax
Monobactam Aztreonam Azactam Gram-negative rods, P. aeruginosa
Sulfonamides Trimethoprim- Bactrim; Pneumocystis jiroveci, some Gram-negative Sulfa allergy, increased creatinine,
sulfamethoxazole Septra rods, Staphylococcus, Nocardia nausea, rash
Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin Cipro Gram-negative rods, P. aeruginosa, viridans Nausea. Rare Achilles tendon
streptococci rupture
Levofloxacin Levaquin Gram-negative rods, P. aeruginosa, viridans
streptococci †
Nucleosides Acyclovir Zovirax HSV, VZV Crystalluria
Valacyclovir Valtrex HSV, VZV
Famciclovir Famvir HSV, VZV
Ganciclovir Cytovene CMV Marrow suppression
Valganciclovir Valcyte CMV Marrow suppression
Phosphonoformate Foscarnet Foscavir CMV Renal failure, electrolyte
abnormalities
Polyene antifungals Amphotericin B Fungizone Candida, Aspergillus, other fungi including Fever, chills, nausea, vomit-
mucormycosis ing, renal failure hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia
Ampho-B lipid Abelcet Candida, Aspergillus, other fungi including Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting,
complex mucormycosis increased creatinine
Ampho-B cho- Amphotec Candida, Aspergillus, other fungi including Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting,
lesteryl sulfate mucormycosis increased creatinine
complex
Liposomal AmBisome Candida, Aspergillus, other fungi including Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting,
ampho-B mucormycosis increased creatinine
Azole Fluconazole Diflucan Candida, Cryptococcus, Coccidioides immitis LFT abnormality
Itraconazole Sporonox Candida, Aspergillus, Histoplasma CHF; drug–drug interactions
Voriconazole Vfend Aspergillus, Coccidioides, Histoplasma Loss of vision with intravenous
prep
Posaconazole Noxafil Aspergillus, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Nausea, diarrhea, LFT
mucormycosis abnormality
(continued)

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