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644 Part VI: The Erythrocyte Chapter 43: Iron Deficiency and Overload 645

20th century, the diagnosis was reserved for the rare patient with full- 19. Panzuto F, Di Giulio E, Capurso G, et al: Large hiatal hernia in patients with iron defi-
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level. In reality, patients with a diagnosis of hemochromatosis based on 21. Camus M, Jensen DM, Ohning GV, et al: Severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
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to suggest that patients do not die of hereditary hemochromatosis; it 22. Crompton DWT, Nesheim MC: Nutritional impact of intestinal helminthiasis during
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biochemical bases is so low that the few deaths that do occur cannot be 23. Hemingway AP: Angiodysplasia as a cause of iron deficiency anaemia. Blood Rev
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For those patients with classical hereditary hemochromatosis who of the literature. Clin Med Res 11(2):80–85, 2013.
are clinically affected, it is likely that removal of iron by phlebotomy 25. Chin MW, Enns R: Hemobilia. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 12(2):121–129, 2010.
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276
Cardiac deaths seem to be particularly common, and in a few cases 29. Sparberg M: Chronic iron deficiency anemia due to Meckel’s diverticulum. Am J Dis
cardiac transplantation has been performed successfully, but there are Child 113(2):286–287, 1967.
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β-thalassemia major and similar disorders, but the prognosis is grim 32. Brown EA, Sampson B, Muller BR, et al: Urinary iron loss in the nephrotic syndrome—
an unusual cause of iron deficiency with a note on urinary copper losses. Postgrad Med
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