Page 1702 - Hall et al (2015) Principles of Critical Care-McGraw-Hill
P. 1702
References 3
moderate and severe head injury: support for serial laboratory 79. Roberts I, Yates D, Sandercock P, et al. Effect of intrave-
examination. J Trauma. April 2005;58(4):725-729; discussion nous corticosteroids on death within 14 days in 10008 adults
729-730. with clinically significant head injury (MRC CRASH trial):
61. Perel P, Roberts I, Shakur H, Thinkhamrop B, Phuenpathom randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. October 9-15,
N, Yutthakasemsunt S. Haemostatic drugs for traumatic brain 2004;364(9442):1321-1328.
injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(1):CD007877. 80. Gaab MR, Trost HA, Alcantara A, et al. “Ultrahigh” dexa-
62. Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, et al. Guidelines for the methasone in acute brain injury. Results from a prospective
management of severe traumatic brain injury. XIII. Antiseizure randomized double-blind multicenter trial (GUDHIS). German
prophylaxis. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(suppl 1):S83-S86. Ultrahigh Dexamethasone Head Injury Study Group. Zentralbl
63. Temkin NR, Dikmen SS, Wilensky AJ, Keihm J, Chabal S, Winn Neurochir. 1994;55(3):135-143.
HR. A randomized, double-blind study of phenytoin for the 81. Grumme T, Baethmann A, Kolodziejczyk D, et al. Treatment of
prevention of post-traumatic seizures. N Engl J Med. August 23, patients with severe head injury by triamcinolone: a prospec-
1990;323(8):497-502. tive, controlled multicenter clinical trial of 396 cases. Res Exp
64. Yablon SA. Posttraumatic seizures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Med (Berl). 1995;195(4):217-229.
September 1993;74(9):983-1001. 82. Marshall LF, Maas AI, Marshall SB, et al. A multicenter trial on
65. Thapa A, Chandra SP, Sinha S, Sreenivas V, Sharma BS, Tripathi the efficacy of using tirilazad mesylate in cases of head injury.
M. Post-traumatic seizures: a prospective study from a tertiary J Neurosurg. October 1998;89(4):519-525.
level trauma center in a developing country. Seizure. May 83. Haitsma IK, Maas AI. Monitoring cerebral oxygenation in trau-
2010;19(4):211-216. matic brain injury. Prog Brain Res. 2007;161:207-216.
66. Manaka S. Cooperative prospective study on posttraumatic epi- 84. Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, et al. Guidelines for the
lepsy: risk factors and the effect of prophylactic anticonvulsant. management of severe traumatic brain injury. X. Brain oxygen
Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol. June 1992;46(2):311-315. monitoring and thresholds. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(suppl 1):
67. Vespa PM, Miller C, McArthur D, et al. Nonconvulsive electro- S65-S70.
graphic seizures after traumatic brain injury result in a delayed, 85. Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, et al. Guidelines for the
prolonged increase in intracranial pressure and metabolic crisis. management of severe traumatic brain injury. IX. Cerebral
Crit Care Med. December 2007;35(12):2830-2836. perfusion thresholds. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(suppl 1):
68. Vespa PM, Nuwer MR, Nenov V, et al. Increased incidence and S59-S64.
impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic 86. Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, et al. Guidelines for the
brain injury as detected by continuous electroencephalographic management of severe traumatic brain injury. VIII. Intracranial
monitoring. J Neurosurg. November 1999;91(5):750-760. pressure thresholds. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(suppl 1):S55-S58.
69. Rossetti AO, Oddo M. The neuro-ICU patient and electroen- 87. Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, et al. Guidelines for the man-
cephalography paroxysms: if and when to treat. Curr Opin Crit agement of severe traumatic brain injury. VII. Intracranial pres-
Care. 2010;16(2):105-109. sure monitoring technology. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(suppl 1):
70. Amantini A, Fossi S, Grippo A, et al. Continuous EEG-SEP S45-S54.
monitoring in severe brain injury. Neurophysiol Clin. April 88. Hemphill JC, Andrews P, De Georgia M. Multimodal moni-
2009;39(2):85-93. toring and neurocritical care bioinformatics. Nat Rev Neurol.
71. Szaflarski JP, Sangha KS, Lindsell CJ, Shutter LA. Prospective, August 2011;7(8):451-460.
randomized, single-blinded comparative trial of intrave- 89. Steiner LA, Andrews PJ. Monitoring the injured brain: ICP and
nous levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis. CBF. Br J Anaesth. July 2006;97(1):26-38.
Neurocrit Care. April 2010;12(2):165-172. 90. Becker DP, Miller JD, Ward JD, Greenberg RP, Young HF,
72. Jones KE, Puccio AM, Harshman KJ, et al. Levetiracetam versus Sakalas R. The outcome from severe head injury with early
phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain diagnosis and intensive management. J Neurosurg. October
injury. Neurosurg Focus. October 2008;25(4):E3. 1977;47(4):491-502.
73. Lo BW, Kyu HH, Jichici D, Upton AM, Akl EA, Meade MO. 91. Marshall LF, Smith RW, Shapiro HM. The outcome with
Meta-analysis of randomized trials on first line and adjunctive aggressive treatment in severe head injuries. Part I: the signifi-
levetiracetam. Can J Neurol Sci. May 2011;38(3):475-486. cance of intracranial pressure monitoring. J Neurosurg. January
74. Cotton BA, Kao LS, Kozar R, Holcomb JB. Cost-utility analysis 1979;50(1):20-25.
of levetiracetam and phenytoin for posttraumatic seizure pro- 92. Narayan RK, Kishore PR, Becker DP, et al. Intracranial pressure:
phylaxis. J Trauma. August 2011;71(2):375-379. to monitor or not to monitor? A review of our experience with
75. Cederberg D, Siesjo P. What has inflammation to do with trau- severe head injury. J Neurosurg. May 1982;56(5):650-659.
matic brain injury? Childs Nerv Syst. February 2010;26(2):221-226. 93. Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, et al. Guidelines for the man-
76. French LA, Galicich JH. The use of steroids for control of cere- agement of severe traumatic brain injury. XIV. Hyperventilation.
bral edema. Clin Neurosurg. 1964;10:212-223. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(suppl 1):S87-S90.
77. Alderson P, Roberts I. Corticosteroids in acute traumatic brain 94. Miller JD, Becker DP, Ward JD, Sullivan HG, Adams WE,
injury: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. Rosner MJ. Significance of intracranial hypertension in severe
June 28, 1997;314(7098):1855-1859. head injury. J Neurosurg. October 1977;47(4):503-516.
78. Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, et al. Guidelines for the 95. Marmarou A, Anderson RL, Ward JD, et al. Impact of ICP insta-
management of severe traumatic brain injury. XV. Steroids. bility and hypotension on outcome in patients with severe head
J Neurotrauma. 2007;24(suppl 1):S91-S95. trauma. J Neurosurg. 1991;75:S159-S166.
Section10-O-Ref.indd 3 1/21/2015 11:30:11 AM

