Page 230 - Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology ( PDFDrive )

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Bradyrhizobium mebooksfree.com
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CHAPTER 27 Minor Bacterial Pathogens
Bifidobacterium
Chromobacterium violaceum is a gram-negative rod that
Bifidobacterium eriksonii is a gram-positive, filamentous,
anaerobic rod found as part of the normal flora in the
produces a violet pigment. It is found in soil and water and
mouth and gastrointestinal tract. It occurs in mixed anaer-
can cause wound infections, especially in subtropical parts
obic infections.
of the world.
Chryseobacterium species are gram-negative rods found in
Bradyrhizobium enterica is a gram-negative rod that is Chryseobacterium
soil and water. Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, the
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thought to be the cause of cord colitis. Cord colitis mani-
major pathogen in this genus, is an opportunistic pathogen,
fests as nonbloody diarrhea in patients who have received
causing meningitis and sepsis, especially in premature
an allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant of umbili-
cal cord cells. It was identified by using DNA sequencing
monia, especially in intubated patients. It is resistant to most
and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays on infected
antibiotics but is noteworthy as the only gram-negative
tissue from biopsies of the colon.
bacterium that is susceptible to vancomycin. The genus
Bradyrhizobium species are common soil bacteria that
Chryseobacterium was formerly called Flavobacterium.
fix nitrogen in leguminous plants. Bradyrhizobium enterica
is the first member of the genus to be identified as a human
opportunistic pathogen.
Citrobacter species are gram-negative rods (members of the
Enterobacteriaceae) related to Salmonella and Arizona.
Branhamella Citrobacter
They occur in the environment and in the human colon
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and can cause sepsis in immunocompromised patients.
Branhamella catarrhalis has been renamed Moraxella
catarrhalis (see Moraxella, later).
Corynebacterium jeikeium is a small gram-positive rod
Calymmatobacterium
primarily found on the skin of hospitalized patients. It
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis is a gram-negative rod
causes sepsis in immunocompromised patients, most often
that causes granuloma inguinale (also known as donovano-
those who are neutropenic. Infections are often associated
sis), a sexually transmitted disease characterized by genital
with indwelling catheters and prosthetic heart valves. The
ulceration and soft tissue and bone destruction. The diag-
drug of choice is vancomycin. Hospital-acquired strains are
nosis is made by visualizing the stained organisms (Dono-
van bodies) within large macrophages from the lesion.
Tetracycline is the treatment of choice for this disease,
Corynebacterium minutissimum
which is rare in the United States but endemic in many resistant to many other antibiotics.
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developing countries. Calymmatobacterium granulomatis is
Corynebacterium minutissimum is a small gram-positive
also known as Klebsiella granulomatis.
rod that causes erythrasma. Erythrasma is characterized by
pruritic, scaly, brownish macules on the skin of the genital
Capnocytophaga
coral-red fluorescence with a Wood’s lamp rather than by
Capnocytophaga gingivalis is a gram-negative fusiform rod
culturing the organism. The drug of choice is oral
that is associated with periodontal disease, but it can also
erythromycin.
be an opportunistic pathogen, causing sepsis and mucositis
in immunocompromised patients. Capnocytophaga cani-
Edwardsiella
morsus is a member of the oral flora of dogs and causes
infections following dog bites. It also can cause sepsis in
the Enterobacteriaceae) resembling Salmonella. They can
immunocompromised patients, especially those without a
cause enterocolitis, sepsis, and wound infections.
spleen and those who abuse alcohol. Edwardsiella species are gram-negative rods (members of
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Eikenella
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella corrodens is a gram-negative rod that is a member
Cardiobacterium hominis is a gram-negative pleomorphic
bone infections associated with human bites and “clenched
rod. It is a member of the normal flora of the human colon,
fist” injuries. It also causes sepsis and soft tissue infections
but it can be an opportunistic pathogen, causing mainly
of the head and neck, especially in immunocompromised
endocarditis.
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