Page 229 - Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology ( PDFDrive )

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PART II Clinical Bacteriology
218
TABLE 27–1 Minor Bacterial Pathogens
Type of Bacterium
Abiotrophia, Micrococcus, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Sarcina, Streptococcus suis
Gram-positive cocci
Arachnia, Arcanobacterium, Bifidobacterium, Erysipelothrix, Eubacterium, Lactobacillus, Mobiluncus, Propionibacte-
Gram-positive rods
rium, Rhodococcus
Veillonella
Gram-negative cocci
Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Actinobacillus (Aggrigatibacter), Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Arizona, Bartonella quintana
Gram-negative rods
and B. bacilliformis, Bradyrhizobium, Calymmatobacterium, Capnocytophaga, Cardiobacterium, Chromobacterium,
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Chryseobacterium, Citrobacter, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Corynebacterium minutissimum, Edwardsiella, Eikenella,
Erwinia, HACEK group, Haemophilus ducreyi, Hafnia, Kingella, Moraxella, Plesiomonas, Porphyromonas, Pseudomo-
nas pseudomallei (also known as Burkholderia pseudomallei), Spirillum, Streptobacillus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Yer-
sinia pseudotuberculosis
Rickettsia
Tropheryma
Unclassified

Abiotrophia
Abiotrophia species were formerly known as nutritionally
Arachnia species are anaerobic gram-positive rods that form
long, branching filaments similar to those of Actinomyces.
deficient streptococci. They are members of the normal Arachnia
flora of the mouth and can cause subacute bacterial
They are found primarily in the mouth (associated with
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dental plaque) and in the tonsillar crypts. Arachnia propionica,
endocarditis.
the major species, causes abscesses similar to those of
Achromobacter
granules” in the lesions.
Achromobacter species are gram-negative coccobacillary
rods found chiefly in water supplies. They are opportunis-
Arcanobacterium
tic pathogens and are involved in sepsis, pneumonia, and
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a club-shaped gram-
urinary tract infections.
positive rod that closely resembles corynebacteria. It is a
Actinobacillus (Aggrigatibacter)
yngitis can be accompanied by a rash resembling the rash
Actinobacillus species are gram-negative coccobacillary
of scarlet fever.
rods. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is found as rare cause of pharyngitis and chronic skin ulcers. The phar-
mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com mebooksfree.com Enterobacteriaceae; they ferment lactose slowly. Arizona mebooksfree.com
part of the normal flora in the upper respiratory tract. It is
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Arizona
a rare opportunistic pathogen, causing endocarditis on
Arizona species are gram-negative rods in the family
damaged heart valves and sepsis. Actinobacillus actinomy-
cetemcomitans has been renamed Aggrigatibacter actinomy-
hinshawii is found in the feces of chickens and other
cetemcomitans but the former genus name Actinobacillus is
domestic animals and causes diseases similar to those
often used.
caused by Salmonella, such as enterocolitis and enteric
fevers. The organism is usually transmitted by contami-
Aeromonas
nated food (e.g., dried eggs).
Aeromonas species are gram-negative rods found in water,
Bartonella quintana & Bartonella
soil, food, and animal and human feces. Aeromonas
bacilliformis
hydrophila causes wound infections, diarrhea, and sepsis,
especially in immunocompromised patients.
Bartonella quintana is the cause of trench fever and also is
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implicated as the cause of some cases of bacillary angioma-
Alcaligenes
tosis. Trench fever is transmitted by body lice, and humans
are the reservoir for the organism. Bartonella bacilliformis
Alcaligenes species are gram-negative coccobacillary rods
found in soil and water and are associated with water-
both of which are stages of Carrión’s disease. The disease
containing materials such as respirators in hospitals.
Alcaligenes faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen, causing
occurs only in certain areas of the Andes Mountains, and
an animal reservoir is suspected.
sepsis and pneumonia.
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