Page 134 - 9780077418427.pdf

/Users/user-f465/Desktop
tiL12214_ch04_085-114.indd Page 111 9/1/10 9:38 PM user-f465
tiL12214_ch04_085-114.indd Page 111 9/1/10 9:38 PM user-f465 /Users/user-f465/Desktop

29. The cheese on a hot pizza takes a long time to cool because it 39. The phase change from ice to liquid water takes place at
a. is stretchable and elastic. a. constant pressure.
b. has a low specific heat. b. constant temperature.
c. has a high specific heat. c. constant volume.
d. has a white color. d. all of the above.
30. The specific heat of copper is roughly three times as great as the 40. Which of the following has the greatest value for liquid water?
specific heat of gold. Which of the following is true for equal a. Latent heat of fusion.
masses of copper and gold? b. Latent heat of vaporization.
a. If the same amount of heat is applied, the copper will become c. Both are equivalent.
hotter. d. None of the above is correct.
b. Copper heats up three times as fast as gold. 41. Which of the following supports the second law of
c. A piece of copper stores three times as much heat at the same thermodynamics?
temperature. a. Heat naturally flows from a low-temperature region to a
d. The melting temperature of copper is roughly three times that higher-temperature region.
of gold. b. All of a heat source can be converted into
31. Cooking pans made from which of the following metals would mechanical energy.
need less heat to achieve a certain cooking temperature? c. Energy tends to degrade, becoming of lower and
a. Aluminum (specific heat 0.22 kcal/kgC°) lower quality.
b. Copper (specific heat 0.093 kcal/kgC°) d. A heat pump converts heat into mechanical work.
c. Iron (specific heat 0.11 kcal/kgC°) 42. The second law of thermodynamics tells us that the amount of
32. Conduction best takes place in a disorder, called entropy, is always increasing. Does the growth of
a. solid. a plant or animal violate the second law?
b. fluid. a. Yes, a plant or animal is more highly ordered.
c. gas. b. No, the total entropy of the universe increased.
d. vacuum. c. The answer is unknown.
33. Convection best takes place in a (an) 43. The heat death of the universe in the future is when the universe
a. solid. is supposed to
b. fluid. a. have a high temperature that will kill all living things.
c. alloy. b. have a high temperature that will vaporize all matter in it.
d. vacuum. c. freeze at a uniform low temperature.
34. Radiation is the only method of heat transfer that can take place d. use up the universal supply of entropy.
in a Answers
a. solid.
1. d 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. a 7. b 8. b 9. c 10. a 11. b 12. b 13. a 14. b
b. liquid.
15. c 16. d 17. b 18. c 19. b 20. b 21. b 22. a 23. b 24. d 25. a 26. a
c. gas.
27. b 28. b 29. c 30. c 31. b 32. a 33. b 34. d 35. c 36. c 37. c 38. d
d. vacuum.
39. b 40. b 41. c 42. b 43. c
35. What form of heat transfer will warm your body without warming
the air in a room?
a. Conduction.
b. Convection. QUESTIONS FOR THOUGHT
c. Radiation.
d. None of the above is correct. 1. What is temperature? What is heat?
36. When you add heat to a substance, its temperature 2. Explain why most materials become less dense as their
a. always increases. temperature is increased.
b. sometimes decreases. 3. Would the tight packing of more insulation, such as glass wool,
c. might stay the same. in an enclosed space increase or decrease the insulation value?
d. might go up or down, depending on the temperature. Explain.
37. The great cooling effect produced by water evaporating comes 4. A true vacuum bottle has a double-walled, silvered bottle with
from its high the air removed from the space between the walls. Describe how
a. conductivity. this design keeps food hot or cold by dealing with conduction,
b. specific heat. convection, and radiation.
c. latent heat.
5. Why is cooler air found in low valleys on calm nights?
d. transparency.
6. Why is air a good insulator?
38. At temperatures above freezing, the evaporation rate can equal
7. Explain the meaning of the mechanical equivalent of heat.
the condensation rate only at
a. very high air temperatures. 8. What do people really mean when they say that a certain food
b. mild temperatures. “has a lot of Calories”?
c. low temperatures. 9. A piece of metal feels cooler than a piece of wood at the same
d. any temperature. temperature. Explain why.

4-27 CHAPTER 4 Heat and Temperature 111