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9. The transfer of heat that takes place by energy moving through 19. The specific heat of soil is 0.20 kcal/kgC°, and the specific heat of
space is water is 1.00 kcal/kgC°. This means that if 1 kg of soil and 1 kg of
a. conduction. water each receives 1 kcal of energy, ideally,
b. convection. a. the water will be warmer than the soil by 0.8°C.
c. radiation. b. the soil will be 4°C warmer than the water.
d. sublimation. c. the soil will be 5°C warmer than the water.
10. The transfer of heat that takes place directly from molecule to d. the water will warm by 1°C, and the soil will warm by 0.2°C.
molecule is 20. Styrofoam is a good insulating material because
a. conduction. a. it is a plastic material that conducts heat poorly.
b. convection. b. it contains many tiny pockets of air.
c. radiation. c. of the structure of the molecules that make it up.
d. sublimation. d. it is not very dense.
11. The evaporation of water cools the surroundings, and the 21. The transfer of heat that takes place because of density
condensation of this vapor difference in fluids is
a. does nothing. a. conduction.
b. warms the surroundings. b. convection.
c. increases the value of the latent heat of vaporization. c. radiation.
d. decreases the value of the latent heat of vaporization. d. none of the above.
12. The heat involved in the change of phase from solid ice to liquid 22. Latent heat is “hidden” because it
water is called a. goes into or comes out of internal potential energy.
a. latent heat of vaporization. b. is a fluid (caloric) that cannot be sensed.
b. latent heat of fusion. c. does not actually exist.
c. latent heat of condensation. d. is a form of internal kinetic energy.
d. none of the above. 23. As a solid undergoes a phase change to a liquid, it
13. The energy supplied to a system in the form of heat, minus the a. releases heat while remaining at a constant temperature.
work done by the system, is equal to the change in internal b. absorbs heat while remaining at a constant temperature.
energy. This statement describes the c. releases heat as the temperature decreases.
a. first law of thermodynamics. d. absorbs heat as the temperature increases.
b. second law of thermodynamics. 24. A heat engine is designed to
c. third law of thermodynamics. a. move heat from a cool source to a warmer location.
14. If you want to move heat from a region of cooler temperature to a b. move heat from a warm source to a cooler location.
region of warmer temperature, you must supply energy. This is c. convert mechanical energy into heat.
described by the d. convert heat into mechanical energy.
a. first law of thermodynamics. 25. The work that a heat engine is able to accomplish is ideally
b. second law of thermodynamics. equivalent to the
c. third law of thermodynamics. a. difference between the heat supplied and the
15. More molecules are returning to the liquid state than are leaving heat rejected.
the liquid state. This process is called b. heat that was produced in the cycle.
a. boiling. c. heat that appears in the exhaust gases.
b. freezing. d. sum total of the heat input and the heat output.
c. condensation. 26. Suppose ammonia is spilled in the back of a large room.
d. melting. If there were no air currents, how would the room temperature
16. The temperature of a gas is proportional to the influence how fast you would smell ammonia at the opposite
a. average velocity of the gas molecules. side of the room?
b. internal potential energy of the gas. a. Warmer is faster.
c. number of gas molecules in a sample. b. Cooler is faster.
d. average kinetic energy of the gas molecules. c. There would be no influence.
17. The temperature known as room temperature is nearest to 27. Which of the following contains the most heat?
a. 0°C. a. A bucket of water at 0°C.
b. 20°C. b. A barrel of water at 0°C.
c. 60°C. c. Neither contains any heat since the temperature is zero.
d. 100°C. d. Both have the same amount of heat.
18. Using the Kelvin temperature scale, the freezing point of water is 28. Anytime a temperature difference occurs, you can expect
correctly written as a. cold to move to where it is warmer, such as cold moving into
a. 0 K. a warm house during the winter.
b. 0°K. b. heat movement from any higher-temperature region.
c. 273 K. c. no energy movement unless it is hot enough, such as the
d. 273°K. red-hot heating element on a stove.

110 CHAPTER 4 Heat and Temperature 4-26