Page 52 - Hybrid PBD 2022 Tg 5 - Kimia

Kimia Tingkatan 5 Bab 3
Bahagian C

3. (a) Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu pek sejuk. Pek sejuk mengandungi ammonium nitrat dan bahan P.
Diagram 2 shows a cold pack. The cold pack contains ammonium nitrate and substance P.

Ammonium nitrat + bahan P
Ammonium nitrate + substance P

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Rajah 2 / Diagram 2

Apakah bahan P? Nyatakan jenis tindak balas di dalam pek sejuk.
Terangkan bagaimana tindak balas tersebut berlaku apabila pek sejuk ini diramas.
What is substance P? State the type of reaction in the cold pack.
Explain how the reaction takes place when the cold pack is squeezed.
[4 markah / 4 marks]

(b) Jadual 1 menunjukkan haba peneutralan bagi dua set eksperimen yang menggunakan asid yang
berlainan iaitu asid hidroklorik dan asid etanoik. Kedua-dua asid bertindak balas dengan larutan natrium
hidroksida.
Table 1 shows the heat of neutralisation for two sets of experiments using different acids that are hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid.
Both acids reacted with sodium hydroxide solution.

Set Bahan tindak balas Haba peneutralan
Reactants Heat of neutralisation

I Asid hidroklorik + larutan natrium hidroksida –57 kJ mol –1
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide solution
Asid etanoik + larutan natrium hidroksida
II –55 kJ mol –1
Ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide solution
Jadual 1 / Table 1

(i) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas dalam Set I.
Lukis gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas dalam Set I.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction in Set I.
Draw the energy level diagram for the reaction in Set I.
[4 markah / 4 marks]
(ii) Jelaskan mengapa terdapat perbezaan nilai haba peneutralan bagi Set II.
Explain why there is a difference in the value of the heat of neutralisation for Set II.
[4 markah / 4 marks]

(c) Persamaan termokimia berikut mewakili tindak balas antara zink dengan larutan yang mengandungi ion
plumbum (II), Pb .
2+
The thermochemical equation below represents the reaction between zinc and a solution that contains lead (II) ion, Pb .
2+
Zn (p/s) + Pb (ak/aq) → Pb (p/s) + Zn (ak/aq) ΔH = −112 kJ mol −1
2+
2+
Cadangkan bahan yang sesuai bagi larutan yang mengandungi ion plumbum(II), Pb .
2+
Dengan menggunakan bahan yang dicadangkan, huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan haba
penyesaran. Dalam penerangan anda, sertakan senarai radas, prosedur dan langkah berjaga-jaga.
Suggest a suitable material for the solution that contains lead(II) ion, Pb . By using the suggested material, describe an experiment to
2+
determine the heat of displacement. In your description, include a list of apparatus, procedures, and precautionary steps.
[8 markah / 8 marks]

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