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Kimia Tingkatan 5 Bab 4
BAB

4 Polimer

Polymer

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FOKUS TOPIK Peta Konsep

Polimer / Polymer Monomer
Monomer
Molekul berantai panjang yang dibentuk daripada gabungan unit kecil
melalui ikatan kovalen dengan proses pempolimeran.
Long-chain molecules made of many repeating units joined by covalent bonds through Polimer
the polymerisation process. Polymer

Polimer semula jadi Pempolimeran penambahan Polimer termoplastik
Natural polymers Addition polymerisation Thermoplastic polymers
Terhasil secara semula Berlaku apabila monomer yang • Dapat diacu
jadi. mempunyai ikatan –C=C– bergabung berulang kali.
Naturally occurring. dengan memecahkan ikatan ganda Can be remoulded
dua tanpa kehilangan atom atau continually.
Polimer sintetik molekul. • Boleh dikitar semula.
Synthetic polymers Occurs in monomers that contain –C=C– bonds Recyclable.
Polimer buatan manusia where the monomers are joined by breaking
melalui tindak balas double bonds without losing any atoms or Polimer termoset
kimia di makmal atau molecules. Thermosetting polymers
kilang. H CI Pempolimeran H CI • Keras dan kukuh.
Man-made polymers through & & Polymerisation & & Hard and rigid.
chemical reactions in n C " C ! C ! C ! • Pecah dan terbakar

&
&
laboratories or factories. H H & & selepas pemanasan.
H
H n
Break down and burn
Pempolimeran kondensasi when heated strongly.
Condensation polymerisation • Tidak boleh diacu berulang kali.
Melibatkan tindak balas antara dua monomer yang berbeza Cannot be remoulded
continually.
dengan dua kumpulan berfungsi dan penyingkiran satu molekul
kecil semasa proses pempolimeran. Polimer elastomer
Involves the reaction between two different monomers, each one having two functional Elastomer polymers
groups and removal of a small molecule during the polymerisation process. • Sangat kenyal.
H H O O Very elastic.
& & ' ' • Boleh kembali
n H ! N(CH ) N ! H + n Cl ! C(CH ) C ! Cl
2 6 2 8 kepada bentuk asal
apabila regangan dilepaskan.
O O
' ' Can return to its original shape once the
!!NH(CH ) NH ! C(CH ) O!! + nHCl stretch is released.
n
2 6
2 8

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