Page 36 - Ranger SPM 2022 Chemistry

Chemistry SPM Chapter 2 Carbon Compound
2. Alkene
• Ethene
– Speeds up the process of fruit ripening
- Monomer to produce plastic such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
– Monomer to produce polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) inTeflon.
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3. Alcohol
Use Example
Solvent Alcohol solvent dissolves a wide range of non-polar compounds
such as oil and oil paint.
Medicine As an antiseptic, disinfectant and medicine as they are able to kill
bacteria.
Cosmetic As a preservative so that cosmetics last long and used in the
making of perfumes.
Fuel Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol are used
as fuel for engines.
Food and beverage Found in Tapai and Tuak.

• Misuse of alcohol
– Excessive intake of alcoholic beverages can damage the liver, kidney, heart
and brain.
– Drink-driving leads to accident.
– Addiction and mental disorder
– Pregnant women who consume alcohol may cause birth defects.
4. Carboxylic acid
• Used as a preservative.
• Used to manufacture detergents.
• Used to make herbicides and pesticides.
• Used as an industrial solvent.
5. Ester
Use Explanation
Solvent Ethyl acetate is used as a solvent in nail polish, plastics Form 5
Adhesive Polyvinyl acetate is normally used as paper glue and wood glue
Food flavouring • Banana: 1-methylbutyl ethanoate
• Pineapple: butyl butanoate
• Apple: ethyl-2-methylbutanoate
• Strawberry: methyl trans-cinnamate
Perfume • Rose smell: pentyl nonanoate
• Berry smell: propyl hexanoate
• White lily smell: ethyl benzanoate

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02.5 RANGER SPM CHEMISTRY 2P.indd 165 29/03/2022 2:28 PM