Page 5 - ACE YR IGCSE A TOP APPR' TO MATHS

Diagram Surface area Volume

Sphere Surface area = 4πr 2 4 3
3 πr
r

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Pyramid Base area + Area of the shapes 1

Slant on each side 3 × base area × perpendicular height
height Height

Trigonometry
For a right-angled triangle, a = b + c 2
2
2

Hypotenuse
Opposite side
θ
Adjacent side
opposite side
sin θ =
hypotenuse
adjacent side
cos θ =
hypotenuse
opposite side
tan θ =
adjacent side
For other triangles
Sine rule:
a = b = c or sin A = sin B = sin C
sin A sin B sin C a b c
Cosine rule:
a = b + c – 2bc cos A or
2
2
2
b = a + c – 2ac cos B or
2
2
2
c = a + b – 2ab cos C
2
2
2
1
Area of triangle = ab sin C
2

List of Important Formulae vii

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