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1. Reflection time
               Reflecting on learning supports the development of an autonomous learner. It also reinforces
               some of the language and concepts for children who need a little more time than others. See
               the ‘Using time lines and reflections’ for more information on this routine.

               2. Goodbye routine
               Closing a session positively is very important!
                 Last impressions stick and a rushed goodbye or a stressful clear up time means children
                  don’t always remember the fun they had in English.
                 Rushed  goodbyes  can  also  lead  to  misbehaviour  as  children  aren’t  quite  sure  what’s
                  happening and behaviour boundaries slide.

               You can:
                 Sing a goodbye song or say a chant.
                 Use the puppet to say goodbye to the children.
                 Say ‘Thank you!’,especially if children have had a good session, e.g. What a great lesson
                  today! Thank you!
                 Include reference to the next lesson, e.g. See you on Friday! See you next week!
                 Consider a ‘Get your hat routine’ and a ‘Line up routine’.
                 Have fun with ‘Goodbye instructions’, e.g. Ahmad and Mira line up! Khairul, hop out of class!
                  Goodbye!

               Transition routines
               Transition  routines  are  very  important  when  children  move  from  one  scheduled  activity  to
               another and when it involves a change of space. For example:
                 From carpet to table.
                 From table to carpet.
                 From classroom to bathroom.
                 From playground to classroom.

               Moving from circle time to table time
               The most obvious transition time in an English schedule will be between ‘circle time’ and ‘table
               time’:
               1. Make it clear to the children what the objective of the transition is, e.g. to move to the tables
                  and sit down. Use an oral marker, e.g. Ok, it’s table time.
               2. Demonstrate what it is you want the children to do. Use the puppet. Go through the routine
                  steps and reinforce the actions using simple phrases. For example:
                  Stand up! Walk quietly. Pull out your chair quietly. Sit down.
               3. If you wish to use a chant or a song, this can be really useful to help the children concentrate
                  and move to a rhythm. You can find them on the internet or invent one. Here is an example
                  of a ‘table time’ transition chant:
                                                I, 2, 3, 4
                                                Up we get, off the floor
                                                5, 6, 7, 8
                                                To the table, then we wait

               4. Repeat with two or three children, and praise their demonstration.
               5. To continue, you can either get all children to follow the procedure, or select small groups to
                  proceed. Praise children who follow the instructions and show acceptable behaviour. If a child
                  has difficulties, hold their hand and repeat the steps with them.
               6. Ensure that this transition is followed in every lesson using this same routine.

               Notes
               Spend time repeating the instructions at the beginning of the year, until the children begin to
               autonomously complete the transition as they have been asked to.
                 Ensure the children know what is acceptable during these transition times.
                 And what is unacceptable.

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